Anti-Proliferative Activity of Meroditerpenoids Isolated from the Brown Alga Stypopodium flabelliforme against Several Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

The sea constitutes one of the most promising sources of novel compounds with potential application in human therapeutics. In particular, algae have proved to be an interesting source of new bioactive compounds. In this work, six meroditerpenoids (epitaondiol, epitaondiol diacetate, epitaondiol monoacetate, stypotriol triacetate, 14-ketostypodiol diacetate and stypodiol) isolated from the brown alga Stypopodium flabelliforme were tested for their cell proliferation inhibitory activity in five cell lines. Cell lines tested included human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3), murine macrophages (RAW.267) and Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79). Antimicrobial activity of the compounds was also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis and Micrococcus luteus. Overall, the compounds showed good activity against all cell lines, with SH-SY5Y and RAW.267 being the most susceptible. Antimicrobial capacity was observed for epitaondiol monoacetate, stypotriol triacetate and stypodiol, with the first being the most active. The results suggest that these molecules deserve further studies in order to evaluate their potential as therapeutic agents.

The use of marine-derived bioactive compounds as potential hepatoprotective agents

“…Several uncommon steroids with anti-inflammatory properties are abundantly found in marine organisms ( Figure 5), including i) the polyoxygenated steroid contignasterol isolated from the marine sponge Petrosia contignata that inhibits platelet aggregation, ii) the pentacyclic polyhydroxylated steroid xestobergsterol isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia bergquisicta, and iii) clathriols A and B that are isolated from the marine sponge Clathria lissosclera [36] .…”

“…All three of these drugs interfere to a different degree with leukocyte accumulation, phospholipase A2 activity, release of eicosanoids and cell proliferation. The precise mode of action for each drug is described elsewhere [81,82] . through the inhibition of phospholipase A2 and COX-2 [36] .…”

“…The precise mode of action for each drug is described elsewhere [81,82] . through the inhibition of phospholipase A2 and COX-2 [36] . Stypotriol triacetate (Figure 4) is a meroditerpenoid from the same seaweed that inhibits phospholipase A2 and the expression of elastase, and also has antibacterial and anti-proliferative activities [36] .…”

“…D'Orazio et al, 2012 [34] Takamatsu et al, 2003 [87] Takamatsu et al, 2003 [87] Silva et al, 2012 [88] D'Orazio et al, 2012 [34] Yeh et al, 2012 [89] He et al, 2013 [90] Liu et al, 2012 [47] Esmat et al, 2013 [30] Althunibat et al, 2013 [91] Zhou et al, 2012 [92] Balaji et al, 2004 [45] Pereira et al, 2011 [82] Hong et al, 2012 [93] Liaw et al, 2010 [94] Baidu et al, 2010 [95] Esmat et al, 2013 [33] Whitehouse & Fairlie [96] Kossuga et al, 2008 [97] Kobayashi et al, 2007 [98] Choi et al, 2013 [50] Pinchuk et al, 2013 [51] Tong et al, 2005 [52] Ku et al, 2013 [99] Huang et al, 2007 [100] Posadas et al, 2013 [101] Posadas et al, 2013 [101] Nagle et al, 2004 [102] Catassi et al, 2006 [103] Sun et al, 2007 [39] Kang et al, 2013 [104] Chao et al, 2008 [105] Cheng et al, 2008 [106] …”

Differential Handling of Toxic Chemicals by Stress Shock Algae

“…Many of them were biologically active and medicinally useful. For example, sulfated polysaccharides and terpenoids that isolated from algae were found to have anti-cancer (Ganesan et al 2011, Kim et al 2010, Khanavi et al 2010, Pereira et al 2011 and anti-microbial (Das et al 2007) functions. Other functions included antihypertension (Inoue et al 1995), immunemodulation (Itoh et al 1993).…”