Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and kinetics of vaccine response: potential role for unresolved inflammation following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract

The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration appears to be characterized by high inter-individual variation, even in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects, who could have experienced different post-infection, unresolved conditions. We monitored anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and kinetics along with circulating biomarkers in a cohort of 175 healthcare workers during early immunization with COVID-19 mRNA-LNP BNT162b2 vaccine, to identify the associated factors. Subjects with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were characterized by higher BMI and CRP levels and lower neutrophil count with respect to naïve subjects. Baseline IgG levels resulted associated with CRP independently on BMI and inflammatory diseases. Among 137 subjects undergoing vaccination and monitored after the first and the second dose, three kinetic patterns were identified. The pattern showing a rapid growth was characterized by higher IgG levels at baseline and higher CRP and MCHC levels than negative subjects. Subjects previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed higher levels of CRP, suggesting persistence of unresolved inflammation. These levels are the main determinant of IgG levels at baseline and characterized subjects belonging to the best performing, post-vaccine antibody kinetic pattern.

Serum C reactive protein predicts humoral response after BNT162b2 booster administration

“…Notably, a similar association has been previously reported by Gianfagna et al. in people undergoing primary BNT162b2 vaccination 5 . Specifically, the authors found that subjects with higher CRP serum levels displayed a faster increase of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels after receiving two primary doses of BNT162b2.…”

Serum C reactive protein predicts humoral response after BNT162b2 booster administration

“…The results of this study show for the first time that the humoral response developing after receiving a BNT162b2 vaccine booster is significantly associated with pre-booster serum CRP levels. Notably, a similar association has been previously reported by Gianfagna et al in people undergoing primary BNT162b2 vaccination [5].…”

Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*

“…Multiple reports have consistently shown that the majority of individuals who received a COVID-19 vaccination develop anti-S and anti-RBD IgG in serum by 1 week post-dose 2, irrespective of previous infection status. [70][71][72][73][74] Naaber et al 71 that anti-S and anti-RBD antibody titers correlated well with nAb titers. 72 In a cohort of 137 previously seronegative and vaccinated healthcare professionals, Gianfanga et al 73 found that 100% of these individuals had measurable IgG titers in serum 2 weeks postdose 2, demonstrating that COVID-19 vaccines can elicit a robust and detectable systemic antibody response.…”