Anti‐HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 Flavonoids and a New Kaempferol Triglycoside from the Medicinal Plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana

Abstract

Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae) is a medicinal plant native to Madagascar. The aim of this study was to investigate the flavonoid content of an aqueous leaf extract from K. daigremontiana (Kd), and assess its antiherpetic potential. The major flavonoid, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), was isolated from the AcOEt fraction (Kd-AC). The BuOH-soluble fraction afforded quercetin 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2) and the new kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), named daigremontrioside. The crude extract, Kd-AC fraction, flavonoids 1 and 2 were evaluated using acyclovir-sensitive strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Kd-AC was highly active against HSV-1 (EC = 0.97 μg/ml, SI > 206.1) and HSV-2 (EC = 0.72 μg/ml, SI > 277.7). Flavonoids 1 and 2 showed anti-HSV-1 (EC = 7.4 μg/ml; SI > 27 and EC = 5.8 μg/ml; SI > 8.6, respectively) and anti-HSV-2 (EC = 9.0 μg/ml; SI > 22.2 and EC = 36.2 μg/ml; SI > 5.5, respectively) activities, suggesting the contribution of additional substances to the antiviral activity.

Identification of Flavonoids and Bufadienolides and Cytotoxic Effects of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Extracts on Human Cancer Cell Lines

“…Isoflavones are described as components of some Sedum plants, which also belong to the Crassulaceae family [19]. In our analyzed extracts, the presence of kaempferol 3-p-coumaroylarabinoside (bryophylloside) isolated from K. daigremontiana by Karsten and Müller-Stoll [8,16] was not confirmed.…”

“…This flavonoid compound was previously described in the flowers of K. blossfeldiana [1,17]. All other flavonoids were identified only on the basis of the obtained UV and ESI-MS spectra (▶ Table 2) and their comparison with literature data [1,8,17,18].…”

“…vated mainly for its ornamental value and medicinal applications in the household treatment of skin irritation and wounds [2,8].…”

“…The different activities of K. daigremontiana depend on its phytochemical composition, and its analysis has shown that flavonoids, phenolic acids, and bufadienolides are the main metabolites [8,11,[13][14][15]. To date, only 4 flavonoid compounds of K. daigremontiana have been reported in the literature [8,16].…”

Immunomodulating and Revascularizing Activity of Kalanchoe pinnata Synergize with Fungicide Activity of Biogenic Peptide Cecropin P1

“…It is used for healing wounds in a traditional medicine to treat psychiatric disorders and as a tocolytic agent to prevent premature labour [1]. Extracts of K. pinnata and some other Kalanchoe species ( K. crenata , K. brasiliensis , and K. daigremontiana ) are reported to exhibit antimicrobial [2, 3] and virucide [4–6] activity. Further, they were found to kill leishmanias [7] and malaria plasmodium [8].…”