Anti‐skin aging properties of protocatechuic acid in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Background Protocatechuic acid has reported containing antioxidant effects. However, information on its other biological activities such as anti‐wrinkle properties is limited Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate an antioxidant, collagen synthesis, MMP‐1 inhibition (in vitro), and anti‐wrinkle (in vivo) effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) as a potent ingredient for wrinkle‐care cosmetic. Methods Antioxidant effect was evaluated based on its scavenging activity for free radicals (DPPH, ABTS+). To evaluate the anti‐skin aging potency of PCA, levels of MMP‐1 and type I procollagen were measured using an ELISA kit in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. To further investigate if PCA could increase collagen synthesis, full‐thickness human skin explants were immunostained with an anti‐collagen I antibody. In an in vivo study, 22 female subjects were enrolled in a placebo‐controlled trial. Facial wrinkle, especially crow’s feet around eyes, was treated with lotion‐containing 0.02% PCA for 8 weeks and compared with the placebo. Results In in vitro study, PCA showed high antioxidant activ ity. PCA also showed potential to induce the synthesis of type I collagen in human dermal fibroblast and skin explants. It inhibited MMP‐1 secretion from UVA‐irradiated human dermal fibroblast. An in vivo study, treatment with lotion‐containing 0.02% PCA for 8 weeks significantly reduced the percentage of all skin wrinkle parameters. Conclusion Based on the results of in vitro assays and in vivo skin testing in human subjects, PCA shows potential in anti‐wrinkle or anti‐skin aging treatments.

Blueberry Extracts as a Novel Approach to Prevent Ozone-Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation

“…Therefore, as a follow-up of our recent study [ 30 ], in the present work, we were interested in evaluating the ability of BB extracts to prevent O 3 -induced skin inflammasome activation. In addition, BB topical application has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and prevent chronological skin aging [ 50 – 52 , 85 ]. Among the wide array of natural antioxidant substances, we decided to focus our attention on blueberries because of their complex phytochemical profiles that have already shown to quench free radicals [ 42 , 43 ].…”

“…Our data showed that O 3 was able to decrease both proliferation and migration of the cells while the BB pretreatment prevented these effects probably either via the activation of a cellular defensive system or less probably, by a direct interaction with the free radicals generated by O 3 . It is possible that the inhibition of proliferation is a consequence of their ability to activate NRF2 which has an inhibitory influence on NF- κ B that is one of the regulators of cyclin D1 expression, a key protein for cellular proliferation [ 61 , 85 , 89 ]. Although we did not evaluate the effect of BB on NFR2 activation, we showed a significant decrease in H 2 O 2 by BB after O 3 exposure, although the use of the probe DCF to measure H 2 O 2 is controversial [ 90 ].…”

“…Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity D1 expression, a key protein for cellular proliferation [61,85,89]. Although we did not evaluate the effect of BB on NFR2 activation, we showed a significant decrease in H 2 O 2 by BB after O 3 exposure, although the use of the probe DCF to measure H 2 O 2 is controversial [90].…”

Protection against UVB-Induced Photoaging by Nypa fruticans via Inhibition of MAPK/AP-1/MMP-1 Signaling

“…In the course of the screening process for potent antiaging biomolecules from food sources, we found that a 50% EtOH extract of Nypa fruticans (NF50E) contained various polyphenolics, including protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, and a cucurbitane triterpenoid, known as pengxianencin A ( Figure 1(d) ). Among them, protocatechuic acid exhibited not only antiskin aging effects by collagen synthesis and MMP-1 inhibition in vitro but also antiwrinkle effects in vivo [ 24 ]. Protocatechuic acid may be found in various natural sources.…”

Date Fruit and Seed in Nutricosmetics

“…Date seed oil contained a significant phenolic compound and showed diverse pharmacological effects, such as antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities [89,90]. Several phenolic and flavonoid compounds were found in date fruits [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. Phenolic compounds act as natural antioxidants.…”