Anti-TB activity of Evodia elleryana bark extract

Abstract

An ethyl acetate extract of bark from Evodia elleryana produced significant growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at concentrations only minimally inhibitory to human T cells. The crude extract yielded 95% inhibition of TB at 50 μg/ml. The crude extract yielded 29 % growth inhibition of human T-cells in culture at that concentration. KeywordsEvodia elleryana; TB; Mycobacterium tuberculosis PlantEvodia elleryana (Melicope elleryana) (Rutaceae), locally called sehit, harvested in 2004 from the Kurti region of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea was identified by Dr. Osia Gideon and Mr. Pius Piskaut of the University of Papua New Guinea Herbarium. Use in traditional medicinePeople of the Kurti region of Manus commonly use Evodia elleryana for cough and fever, especially whooping cough. Women occasionally use the plant to control fertility. A water extract of bark is taken internally for treatment of fever and cough. Previous work has reported a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity for various plant parts and extracts [1]. Previously isolated constituentsQuinoline alkaloid and flavanoids [2][3][4]. Tested materialSoxhlet extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in sequence) of bark, stem and leaves were tested. *Corresponding author. Tel.: +801 581 4547; fax + 801 585 5111. lbarrows@pharm.utah.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Studied activityInhibition of M. tuberculosis growth was quantified using a colorimetric MTT assay [5,6]. Rifampicin and isoniazid (Sigma) were used as positive controls in the TB inhibition assay. Drugs and plant extracts were dissolved in DMSO to produce stock solutions of 10 mg/ml. DMSO was used as the negative control. Other chemical and culture supplies were purchased from commercial sources (Sigma and Becton Dickenson, respectively). M. tuberculosis cultures were dispensed into a 96 well culture plate at 50.000 to 100.000 cells per well, in 200 μl of 7H9 medium with 10% ADC (albumin-dextrose-catalase) enrichment. 1 μl of DMSO or DMSO containing drug or extract was added in duplicate wells. After 4 d incubation at 37°C, MTT (5 mg/ml) was added in 10 μl DMSO and incubated overnight. Viable tuberculosis metabolizes the MTT to a purple formazan metabolite which is solubilized by the addition of 50 μl 50%DMF, 5% SDS. After 2 h the 570 nm absorbance was quantified in a microtiter plate reader. The percent inhibition of TB growth was calculated by averaging inhibition of duplicate test wells and comparing the signal to that for the control growth (DMSO only) wells.Inhibition of Human T cell leuke...

Anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa (Wuzhuyu) and its major bioactive components

“…Similarly, extracts of Evodia elleryana leaves, stem wood, stem bark, root wood, root bark and petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate partition fractions showed a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity [ 105 ]. Extract of Evodia elleryana bark also inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 106 ]. Ethyl acetate extract of Evodia fatraina stem bark showed moderate in vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum while the ethanol extract exhibited 65% suppression of Plasmodium berghei in mice [ 107 ].…”

Making the most of Papua New Guinea’s biodiversity: Establishment of an integrated set of programs that link botanical survey with pharmacological assessment in “the land of the unexpected”

“…(Rutaceae), used in the Kurti region of Manus Island for cough and fever. The antituberculin activity of extracts from this plant was published by a UPNG Master’s Student, Emma Powan (Barrows et al, 2007). Ms. Powan is now a lecturer at UPNG.…”

“…They were trained in rigorous scientific methods, conducted advanced studies on traditional medicines, and generated publishable results. The first publication from this training partnership was the study of Melicope(Evodia) elleryana , used in the Kurti region of Manus Island for cough and fever (Barrows et al, 2007). The second reported a new anti-TB natural product from a tree that is harvested for timber in PNG (Noro et al, 2008), and a third reports anti-TB molecules from Exocarpus latifolius (Koch et al, in press).…”

Antibacterial Effects of New Zealand Plant Extracts against Mycobacteria

“…The people of Papua New Guinea used bark from the plant Evodia elleryana for the treatment of coughs and fevers [64]. An ethyl acetate extract of this plant revealed that it had significant inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis [64].…”

“…The people of Papua New Guinea used bark from the plant Evodia elleryana for the treatment of coughs and fevers [64]. An ethyl acetate extract of this plant revealed that it had significant inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis [64]. It was hypothesized that the inhibitory activity was due to the presence of alkaloid quinoline metabolites in the plant species [65], therefore presenting a potential class of compounds for drug development against M. tuberculosis [64].…”