Anti-Toxoplasma Effect of Hydroalchohlic Extract of Terminalia chebula Retz in Cell Culture and Murine Model

Abstract

Background: We examined anti-Toxoplasma effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz (T. chebula) in cell culture and murine model.
 Methods: The study was conducted in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2017. Half maximal effective (concentration (EC50) of T. chebula extract and pyrimethamine was determined in infected Hela cells by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. In the animal model, BALB/c mice were injected with tachyzoites (104) of T. RH strain intraperitoneally. 24h after the injection, the test groups were orally treated with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of T. chebula extract for 7 days. The survival rate of the mice was determined and blood samples were collected to determine the amount of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity. Then peritoneal fluid of the mice was collected to count the number of tachyzoites and after necropsy, the pathologic changes, including the weight of liver, spleen and kidneys were investigated. The analysis of data was accomplished using SPSS.
 Results: EC50 values were 94.7μg/mL and 290.50μg/mL for T. chebula and pyrimethamine respectively. In the animal model, the extract of T. chebula in concentration of 100 mg/kg showed the same anti-Toxoplasma effect as pyrimethamine. This concentration of the extract decreased number of intraperitoneal tachyzoites and increased the survival rate of the mice. This extract reduced the levels of serum MDA and tissue inflammation and increased serum antioxidant capacity.
 Conclusion: Regarding the positive effect of extract, after more clinical trials in the animal model and standardization of the extract, it can be used as an alternative or complementary therapy for toxoplasmosis.

Anti-Cryptosporidium parvum activity of Artemisia judaica L. and its fractions: in vitro and in vivo assays

“…Another study proved that six polyphenolic compounds displayed anti - C. parvum and anti - Encephalitozoon intestinalis action, indicating that these compounds may be employed alone or in conjunction with other moderately active drugs to enhance efficacy ( Mead and McNair, 2006 ). Against Trypanosoma brucei and Toxoplasma gondii cultures, phenolic compounds displayed strong action ( Sun et al, 2016 ; Jafari et al, 2021 ). Extracts of the Artemisia herba-alba plant included a variety of phenolic compounds, which had antibacterial and antioxidant effects, and hence slowed the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria ( Mohammed et al, 2021 ).…”

Effects of Dietary Terminalia chebula Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Health of Broilers

“…Tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides are the principal active ingredients of Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. According to several in vivo and in vitro studies, the main biological functions of TCE include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bacteriostatic, and immunomodulatory effects [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. According to Lee et al [ 25 ], Terminalia chebula fructus water extract significantly decreased serum lipid peroxidation induced by copper sulfate, scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and decreased nitric oxide production, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophage.…”