Anti-ulcer effect of Gallarhois extract with anti-oxidant activity in an ICR model of ethanol/hydrochloride acid-induced gastric injury

Abstract

Gallarhois (GR) is a traditional oriental herbal medicine with various pharmacological effects; however, its effect on gastric ulcer has not been previously explored. We firstly investigated the component and antioxidant activity of GR extract (EtGR) by HPLC analysis and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results showed that EtGR consisted of gallotannin (68.7%), gallic acid (27.2%) and methyl gallate (4.1%) and that it had a high antioxidant value (IC50 value; 1.93 μg/mL). To evaluate the possible anti-gastric ulcer potential of EtGR, we investigated the effects of EtGR in the model of ethanol/hydrochloric acid (EtOH/HCl)-induced gastric ulcer. Gross and histological gastric lesions, biochemical and gene expression parameters were taken into consideration. The results showed that EtOH/HCl treatment produced mucosal injuries with morphological and histological damage, whereas EtGR co-treatment reduced the gastric injuries. EtGR treatment also decreased the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) activity relative to the vehicle group. Moreover, EtGR decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Finally, EtGR did not induce any specific toxicity in the livers or kidneys of the EtOH/HCl-induced gastric ulcer model. These results suggest that EtGR had stronger antioxidant activity and could be a new useful natural drug for gastroprotection against gastric ulcer. Moreover, these findings provide a scientific basis for the development of drugs from traditional oriental herbal medicines.

Gastroprotective effect of cirsilineol against hydrochloric acid/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats

“…In gastric ulcer, HCl/ethanol causes inflammation to initiates macrophages release and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) to promote neutrophil accumulation at the target site for instigation of mucosal barrier destruction [24]. This data was in a line with a study conducted on gallic acid against ethanolinduced gastric ulcer rats which shows its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 elevation [25]. Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α activates the NF-kβ pathway, triggering the transcription for macrophages and cytokines to mediate inflammation.…”

(-)-Carveol Prevents Gastric Ulcers via Cytoprotective, Antioxidant, Antisecretory and Immunoregulatory Mechanisms in Animal Models

“…ROS stimulated in the presence of ethanol are responsible for lipid peroxidation and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells to the injury site. Ethanol induces leukocyte recruitment that stimulates inflammatory responses by increasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β ( Song et al, 2019 ).…”

“…MDA is one of the most common markers of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress that can be quantified in ulcerated and inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract ( Song et al, 2019 ). The results obtained showed that the lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol was reduced by pre-treatment with (-)-Carveol.…”

Gastroprotective and Healing Effects of Polygonum cuspidatum Root on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

“…Antioxidants including SOD, CAT, and GSH can scavenge oxygen-derived free radicals in the gastric mucosa [37]. Depletion of cellular GSH levels, as well as reduced SOD and CAT activities, impedes recovery shortly after EtOH-induced gastric oxidative injury [38][39][40]. Increases in SOD, GSH, and CAT levels of the gastric tissues contribute to gastroprotection against indomethacin and to the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric mucosal injury [41][42][43].…”