Anti-Yeasts, Antioxidant and Healing Properties of Henna Pre-Treated by Moist Heat and Molecular Docking of Its Major Constituents, Chlorogenic and Ellagic Acids, with Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum Proteins

Abstract

Lawsonia inermis, known as henna, has traditionally been utilized in cosmetics and folk medicine because of their valuable health effects. A lack of information about the processes that increase or decrease release, as well as the biological activities of constituents of natural origin, is an important pharmacological problem. This investigation evaluates the influence of moist heat on the flavonoid and phenolic contents of henna powder and their biological activities. HPLC analysis reflected the existence of 20 and 19 compounds of flavonoids and phenolics in the extract of unpre-treated henna by moist heat (UPMH) and pre-treated henna by moist heat (PMH). Several compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, rosmarinic acid, kaempferol, and pyrocatechol occurred with high concentrations of 57,017.33, 25,821.09, 15,059.88, 6345.08, 1248.42, and 819.19 µg/mL UPMH while occurred with low concentrations of 44,286.51, 17,914.26, 3809.85, 5760.05, 49.01, and 0.0 µg/mL, respectively in PMH. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and G. candidum were more affected by UPMH with inhibition zones of 30.17 ± 0.29, 27 ± 0.5, and 29 ± 1.5 mm than PMH with inhibition zones of 29 ± 0.5, 25.33 ± 0.58, and 24.17 ± 0.29 mm, respectively. UPMH henna exhibited less MIC and MFC against the tested yeasts than PMH. Moreover, UPMH henna showed good wound healing, where the rat of migration, wound closure %, and area difference % were 14.806 um, 74.938 um2, and 710.667% compared with PMH henna 11.360 um, 59.083 um2, 545.333%, respectively. Antioxidant activity of UPMH and PMH henna. Promising antioxidant activity was recorded for both UPMH or PMH henna with IC50 5.46 µg/mL and 7.46 µg/mL, respectively. The docking interaction of chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid with the crystal structures of G. candidum (4ZZT) and C. albicans (4YDE) was examined. The biological screening demonstrated that the compounds had favorable docking results with particular proteins. Chlorogenic acid had robust behavior in the G. candidum (4ZZT) active pocket and displayed a docking score of −7.84379 Kcal/mol, higher than ellagic acid’s −6.18615 Kcal/mol.

Protective Effect of Urtica dioica Extract against Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts

“…They demonstrate antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-yeast effects, possess antiallergic properties, stimulate collagen production, and provide protection against UVB radiation. [40,41]. All of these mentioned features make U. dioica extract a valuable cosmetic additive candidate.…”

Characterization and efficiency of Ganoderma lucidum biomass as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent

“…In another study, the docking interaction tool was performed to compare between interaction of ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid with the crystal structures of pathogenic yeasts including C. albicans (4YDE) and G. candidum (4ZZT). The obtained results indicated that chlorogenic acid was more active with a docking score of −7.84379 kcal/mol, than ellagic acid with a docking score of −6.18615 kcal/mol (Alsalamah et al 2023). Recently, in silico studies on interaction of P. ostreatus active constituents with MCF-7 cancer cell line was documented (Mishra et al 2022).…”

Zygnema sp. as creator of copper oxide nanoparticles and their application in controlling of microbial growth and photo-catalytic degradation of dyes

“…To detect flavonoids, a detector wavelength of 284 nm was used. The presence of standard constituents was necessary for the identification of constituents [27].…”