Antihistamines appear to be the mainstay in allergic reaction treatment. Allergy is rooted in the primary rejection reaction of parasites in which histamine derived from mast cells generates an immediate aggressive environment, and eosinophils are recruited for killing. Antihistamines are medicinal products used to treat allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, cold and flu, tachyphylaxis, motion sickness, and acute allergic reactions. A vast number of animals can be used for this activity, with rodents (inbred mice and rats) and guinea-pigs being the most common models, which are easy to maintain and relatively economical compared to other available models. Therefore, animal models used in asthma are greatly useful in antihistaminic studies because they promise new insights into human allergic symptoms. The available in-vivo and in-vitro models are used to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with antihistaminic activity. This work aims to bring all the different in-vivo animal models and in-vitro techniques together for conducting antihistaminic activity research.
INTRODUCTION:Asthma is a widespread and persistent airway inflammatory disorder 1 . It is a disorder in which bronchial tubes lead to coughing, tightness of the chest, and difficulty breathing. Histamine is synthesized by the L-histidine decarboxylase enzyme from L-histidine and stored in granules of mast cells and basophils 1 . Histamine play an important role in autoimmune pathology and its mechanism, as well as in autoimmune allergic, malignant, and inflammatory disease pathogenesis, such as chronic urticarial, atopic dermatitis, auto-immune myocardium, multiple sclerosis, experi-mental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, allergic rhinitis, acute anaphylaxis, asthma, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and malignant melanoma respectively 2, 3 . Histamine has a significant role in allergic ailments
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