Antibacterial activities of volatile compounds in cereals and cereal by‐products

Abstract

The antibacterial effect of volatile compounds in millets and cereal by‐products was investigated. Hexane extracts of rice bran (RB), corn cob (CC), green (GM), and yellow millets (YM) showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 35150, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Helicobacter pylori MH179991, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13150 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/ml. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 101 compounds in all extracts. Furthermore, the mode of action of the major bioactive compounds in extracts was tested against Lipoprotein X complex (LpxC) and four chained structured binding protein of Bacterial type II topoisomerase (4PLB) in silico. Docking analysis showed moderate to potent inhibition against receptor proteins (4PLB and LpxC) with a docking score of −7.52, −8.89, and −9.89 Kcal/mol for 3,5‐dimethylbenzaldehyde, cyclododecane, di‐tert‐butylbenzene, respectively. GM, YM, CC, and RB hexane extracts possess antibacterial potential that could be developed as antimicrobial agents. Practical Applications Cereals and their by‐products represent an abundant and low‐cost resource for value‐added functional food. They may be considered alternative new sources of antimicrobial agents to tackle a challenge of antimicrobial‐resistance. Findings from this work provide insight into how volatile bioactive compounds inhibit bacterial pathogens by targeting 4PLB and LpxC as evident in the computational study. Further studies to confirm the antibacterial potency of these compounds in vivo is warranted.

Antidiabetic Effect of Millet Bran Polysaccharides Partially Mediated via Changes in Gut Microbiome

“…It is easy to digest and has various physiological functions such as gastrointestinal conditions [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Millet bran is a coarse food grain obtained from millets after husking; it is rich in bioactive substances such as cellulose, fibers, lipids, proteins, triglycerides, and minerals [ 5 , 6 ]. In recent years, several studies have reported that millet bran polyphenols exhibit high biological activities, including antioxidant [ 7 ], antitumor [ 8 ], immunomodulatory, antifungal, and hypoglycemic effects.…”

Optimization of the extraction process of Millet Bran polysaccharides and Antioxidant activities analysis

“…A large amount of bran and seed coat will be produced in the process of shelling Setaria italica into millet. At present, millet bran is mainly used as a feed mixture, as a soil cover for farmland, and some are buried or even burned, causing a serious waste of resources 3 . Millet bran is rich in bioactive substances such as cellulose, bers, lipids, proteins, triglycerides and minerals.…”

Structure, physicochemical properties, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities of water‐soluble polysaccharides from millet bran

“…Before being consumed, millet has to be processed, thus producing a large amount of bran. At present, millet bran is mainly used to feed animals or cover farmland, and in some cases, it is even buried or burned (Ofosu et al., 2021). Millet bran includes many bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, cellulose, fibers, lipids, proteins, triglycerides, and minerals (Ofosu et al., 2021), indicating that millet bran has the potential to be used as natural raw materials for healthy products.…”