Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Carica papaya on some Enteric Bacterial Isolates of Public Health Importance

Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activities of Carica papaya and its major antimicrobial constituents (phytochemicals). The aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem back of these plants were tested using well Diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against some members of Enterobacteriales family isolated from diarrheic stool sample (Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Statistical analysis of the result shows that both the extracts demonstrated higher activities against bacteria tested, with the average zone of inhibition of 15.44mm, 14.78mm, 12.92mm and 11.31mm for Shigella, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranges between 12.5-100 mg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that the extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, reducing sugar, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and phenols. Demonstration of antibacterial activity against the test isolates is an indication that there is possibility of sourcing alternative antibiotic substances in these plants for the production of newer antibacterial agents.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Carica Papaya Leaves and Stem Bark Extracts on Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa)

“…The better efficacy of the ethanol extract as against the aqueous extract may be because different solvents have different polarities, hence different degrees of solubility for the various phytoconstituents [10,38]. The result of this study supported that of Yahaya, et al [39] who found the aqueous and ethanol extract of Carica papaya leaves active against E. coli, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with higher activity in ethanol extract than aqueous extract.…”

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of the Crude Extracts of the Leaves of Carica papaya Linn (Pawpaw) and Psidium guajava Linn (Guava)

“…The dried plant leaves were crush, ground into fine powder using mortar and pestle in the laboratory and then homogenize using laboratory blender. The powdered samples were sieved using 90 micron sieve and stored in polyethylene air-tight containers for further processing [19].…”

Carica Papaya: A Botanical Treatment for Patients With Dengue Virus Infection.

“…During the last few decades, research has validated its medicinal use in treating several conditions. Some of Its beneficial effects include anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-tumour and immunemodulatory effects, antioxidant, antifungal [3], antimicrobial [4,5], hypoglycemic [6]. Leaves of Carica papaya are non-toxic and safe for oral consumption [7].…”

“…[14] Nugroho in 2017 [15], identified seven flavonoids which included quercetin 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside), kaempferol 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside), quercetin 3-rutinoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, quercetin and kaempferol were isolated from the leaves of C. papaya. [16] Head and Lauter in 1956 reported the presence of flavonols, tannins, organic acids, alkaloids [17], trace unsaturated sterols [18] and glycosides [19]. Other studies have also shown the presence of saponins, flavonoids, phenols, protein, amino acid, steroid, anthraquinones and terpenoids [20].…”