Antibacterial Activity of Indonesian Sponge Associated Fungi Against Clinical Pathogenic Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

Exploration of new source of antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria is urgently needed. Indonesia as archipelago country has a wide variety of marine organisms with potential as source of new antibacterial compounds against MDRO. Aims of the study were to isolate sponge-associated fungi from sponge Cinachyrella sp. collected from Pandang Island, North Sumatera, Indonesia, to screen potential fungi against clinical pathogenic MDR bacteria, to identify the potential fungi; and to determine the best cultivation time for antibacterial production. Nine spongeassociated fungi were successfully isolated. Result of agar plug method showed fungus PDSP 5.7 was the most potential candidate which inhibited ESBL Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi, MRSA, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain MDR. This fungus had 100% similarity to Trichoderma reesei. In malt extract broth, T. reesei PDSP 5.7 had stationary phase from day 12 to day 18. In addition, the widest antibacterial was performed by extract from day 15. Furthermore, fungal extract showed best antibacterial activity against S. enterica ser. Typhi strain MDR with inhibition value of 14.72 ± 0.07 mm 2 .

Diversity of sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove forest in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia

“…The macroscopic (colonial) characteristics included colonial color and texture, a soluble pigment in agar media, presence of exudate and sclerotia. On the other hand, the microscopic feature was observed by slide culture (Riddell 1950;Sibero et al 2018) and tape touch methods (Harris 2000) with the addition of lactophenol cotton blue (HiMedia). Some microscopic descriptions included conidiophore, spore, phialides, hyphae, and vesicle (for Aspergillus spp.)…”

Two new aromatic polyketides from a sponge-derived Fusarium

“…This is strongly indicating that sponge-associated fungi from Indonesia are still underevaluated. Therefore, exploration of novel compounds from fungi associating with Indonesian sponges is currently a major subject in our research group [16][17][18].…”

Sponge-associated fungi from a mangrove habitat in Indonesia: species composition, antimicrobial activity, enzyme screening and bioactive profiling

“…Isolation of fungal DNA was carried out according to Sibero et al (2018). Fungi were recultured for 7 days at 27°C and then the mycelia were transferred into a sterilized microtube.…”

“…PCR mix for genes amplification consisted of 1 lL of forward primer, 1 lL of reverse primer, 0.5-1.0 lL of DNA template, 12.5 lL of GoTaq Green Master mix from Promega and dd H 2 O until the final volume was 25 lL/tube. PCR condition followed the protocol of Sibero et al (2018) was used: 30 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 1 min, annealing at 50-55°C for 1 min and extension at 72°C for 1 min while the post-cycling extension was done at 72°C for 7 min. PCR products were sequenced by 1st Base Laboratories Sdn Bhd, Malaysia.…”