Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates and Meat-Borne Pathogens

Manilal, Aseer; Sabu, Kuzhunellil Raghavanpillai; Woldemariam, Melat; Aklilu, Addis; Biresaw, Gelila; Yohanes, Tsegaye; Seid, Mohammed; Merdekios, Behailu

doi:10.1155/2021/6677420

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Tested standard compounds are common constituents of many essential oils and have been proven to be particularly effective against some species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [ 25 ]. The strong antimicrobial activity of the essential oils against almost all the susceptible microorganisms has been mostly associated with the presence of high concentrations of monoterpenes [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. However, the synergistic effect of minor constituents should be taken into consideration in overall antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Essential Oil of Tunisian Halophyte Lobularia maritima: A Natural Food Preservative Agent of Ground Beef Meat

Akacha

Švarc‐Gajić

Elhadef

et al. 2022

Life

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This study was directed towards the investigation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Tunisian halophyte Lobularia maritime (LmEO). The antibacterial effects against major food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria were tested using the well diffusion method, followed by the determination of the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. The essential oil has shown strong antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic strains, which was attributed mostly to predominant constituents of the essential oil: benzyl alcohol, linalool, terpien-4-ol and globulol, as well as to synergistic effects of its major and minor constituents. Considering strong antimicrobial effects of the tested essential oil, it was further tested as a natural alternative to food preservatives, using minced beef meat as a model system. Minced beef meat was spiked with 0.019, 0.038, and 0.076% of the essential oil and stored during 14 days at 4 °C, monitoring its microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory properties. Chemical analyses revealed that meat treated with 0.076% of LmEO at underwent a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in primary and secondary lipid oxidation and reduced metmyoglobin accumulation compared with control samples. Furthermore, microflora proliferation in the meat model system spiked with 0.076% of LmEO was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to control. In addition, two multivariate exploratory techniques, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical analysis (HCA), were applied to the obtained data sets to describe the relationship between the main characteristics of the meat samples with and without essential oil addition. The chemometric approach highlighted the relationships between meat quality parameters. Overall, results indicated that the essential oil of Lobularia maritima deserves to be considered as a natural preservative in the meat industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Essential Oil of Tunisian Halophyte Lobularia maritima: A Natural Food Preservative Agent of Ground Beef Meat

Akacha

Švarc‐Gajić

Elhadef

et al. 2022

Life

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“… 44 , 45 Other factors influencing the presence or absence of compounds with particular bioactivities are the timing of harvest, storage temperatures, the type of solvent used, extraction methods, and several other procedural factors involved. 46 In the present study, the factors mentioned above would have contributed a lot, and there can be some variations in terms of the type of phytochemical constituents and the therapeutic activity. We have not studied the activity of individual compounds; there can be a synergistic effect exerted by all the major and minor compounds in the plant extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…For instance, SARS CoV-2, Zika, Nipah, dengue, and chikungunya have resulted in severe damages to millions. [46][47][48][49][50] In addition, numerous human oncogenic viruses, such as HBV, HCV, EBV, and HPV, are responsible for 18% of cancers. Several antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to manage them effectively, however emerging drug resistance pose serious threats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bioassay-Guided Phytochemical Analyses and Antimicrobial Potentials of the Leaf Extract of Clematis hirsuta Perr. and Guill. Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Ameya¹,

Manilal²,

Sabu³

et al. 2022

IDR

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In spite of the great advances in modern medicine in recent decades, medicines of plant origin are still in use for several ailments in different parts of the world. There is always an urge to develop novel, effective and inexpensive antimicrobials. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of the leaf extract of Clematis hirsuta against selected human bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methods: The crude extracts of C. hirsuta leaves were prepared with five different solvents of varying polarity. Agar well diffusion assay on five different species of ATCC organisms, four clinical bacterial isolates, and four clinically isolated fungi were performed. The tube dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations and the selected extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using column chromatography and the active fraction obtained were pooled and GC-MS, FT-IR, and CHN analysis were conducted, and this study is actually bioassay-guided research. Results: A varying patterns of antimicrobial activity against tested microorganism was observed. Acetone extract showed the highest spectrum of activity (17-32mm) in the well diffusion assay against bacteria and 16-23mm in the case of fungi. The MIC ranged from 7.5-60 mg/mL in the case of bacteria and 15-60 mg/mL against fungi. The bioassay-guided column chromatography of the acetone extract followed by GC-MS showed the presence of three major compounds, specifically O-ethylhydroxylamine (43%), 2-ethyl heptanoic acid (20.6%), and 1-nonyl cycloheptane (19.5%). The finding was confirmed by FT-IR and elemental analysis of TLCseparated fractions. Conclusion:The acetone extract showed better antimicrobial activity and the least minimum inhibition concentrations against bacteria compared to fungi. The observed antibacterial can be assigned to the presence of alkoxy amine, alkyl aliphatic acids, and cycloalkane. The overall findings substantiate the traditional usages of the parts of this plant, especially the leaves, in managing infectious diseases.

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“…If the ratio of MBC:MIC is ≤2, then the plant extract is considered bactericidal and otherwise bacteriostatic. 15 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Activity of Excoecaria agallocha Leaf Extract

K¹,

Sugathan²,

Idhayadhulla³

et al. 2022

JEP

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Background Mangroves contain several bioactive compounds, some of which have been used for centuries as remedies for several ailments. Methods Foliar parts of Excoecaria agallocha were extracted in organic solvents and in water using a Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against nine type-culture pathogens, six clinical isolates, and two fungal pathogens with agar well diffusion assays. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth dilution and extracts further subjected to brine-shrimp cytotoxic assays using Artemia salina . Chemical constituents were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results and Discussion Ethyl acetate extract displayed the broadest antimicrobial activity. Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most susceptible among the clinical and type-culture groups corresponding to inhibition zones: 17.3±1.1 and 23.5±1.3 mm in diameter, respectively. Anticandidal activity was found to be lower against Candida albicans and C. tropicalis (10.3±0.6 and 11.9±0.85 mm diameter). Also, this extract was found to be bactericidal for S. aureus and Micrococcus luteus (MBC:MIC ≤2). C cytotoxic activity LD 50 was 521 µg/mL. On GC-MS, squalene [(6 E , 10 E , 4 E , 18 E )-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene] was the major compound. Bioassay-guided (antibacterial) TLC revealed the presence of one major active fraction, F2, with an R f value of 1.21. FT-IR analysis of this fraction also implied that it was squalene, which might have a functional role in the mechanism of chemical defense.

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Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates and Meat-Borne Pathogens

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

The Essential Oil of Tunisian Halophyte Lobularia maritima: A Natural Food Preservative Agent of Ground Beef Meat

The Essential Oil of Tunisian Halophyte Lobularia maritima: A Natural Food Preservative Agent of Ground Beef Meat

Bioassay-Guided Phytochemical Analyses and Antimicrobial Potentials of the Leaf Extract of Clematis hirsuta Perr. and Guill. Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Activity of Excoecaria agallocha Leaf Extract

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