Antibacterial Activity of Xanthones from Guttiferaeous Plants against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Extracts of Garcinia mangostana (Guttiferae) showing inhibitory effects against the growth of S. aureus NIHJ 209p were fractionated according to guidance obtained from bioassay and some of the components with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were characterized. One active isolate, alpha-mangostin, a xanthone derivative, had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.57-12.5 micrograms mL-1. Other related xanthones were also examined to determine their anti-MRSA activity. Rubraxanthone, which was isolated from Garcinia dioica and has a structure similar to that of alpha-mangostin, had the highest activity against staphylococcal strains (MIC = 0.31-1.25 micrograms mL-1), an activity which was greater than that of the antibiotic vancomycin (3.13-6.25 micrograms mL-1). The inhibitory effect against strains of MRSA of two of the compounds when used in conjunction with other antibiotics was also studied. The anti-MRSA activity of alpha-mangostin was clearly increased by the presence of vancomycin; this behaviour was not observed for rubraxanthone. The strong in-vitro antibacterial activity of xanthone derivatives against both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus suggests the compounds might find wide pharmaceutical use.

Free radical scavenging and anti-acne activities of mangosteen fruit rind extracts prepared by different extraction methods

“…Biological activity studies have shown that G. mangostana promotes antiinflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties (Iinuma et al, 1996;Nakatani et al, 2002;Moongkarndi et al, 2004;Chomnawang et al, 2005). Mangosteen fruit extract is popularly used as a food supplement due to its antioxidant activity, while the extract from the fruit rind, promoting antibacterial properties, has been recommended for the treatment of acne vulgaris (Kumar et al, 2008).…”

Inhibitions of Histamine Release and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis by Mangosteen, a Thai Medicinal Plant.

“…18) The crude extract of the hull reportedly possesses several pharmacological activities: H 1 -histamine receptor antagonistic activity, 19) anti-serotonin activity, 20) inhibition of eukaryote protein kinases and a cyclic nucleotide-binding phosphatase, 21) inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease, 22) inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2ϩ -pumping ATPase, 23) antibacterial activation against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 24) and anti-oxidant action.…”

Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat hippocampus pretreated with garcinielliptone FC fromPlatonia insignis

“…This family is known to be a rich source of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) with a large spectrum of biological activities (Cuesta-Rubio et al, 2005;Marti et al, 2009). Besides, some plants of Clusiaceae family have their pharmacological properties associated with the presence of xanthone derivatives, which has antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities (Sundaram et al, 1983;Chen et al, 1996;Iinuma et al, 1996;Suksamrarn et al, 2003;Ee et al, 2008;Chomnawang et al, 2009;Hung et al, 2009).…”

“…Among the Clusiaceae family, Platonia insignis Mart., commonly known as "bacuri," is a timber and fruit native species of the Brazilian Amazon (Sundaram et al, 1983;Chen et al, 1996;Iinuma et al, 1996;Suksamrarn et al, 2003;Ee et al, 2008;Chomnawang et al, 2009;Hung et al, 2009). The bacuri fruit has a thick-skin, and is 7-15 cm long and 5-15 cm in diameter, weighing 200-1000 g, containing a large quantity of resins.…”