The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of phytol using chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice and to assess its antioxidant effects in vitro. Phytol was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to mice at doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, phytol significantly reduced the number of contortions compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In the formalin test, phytol reduced significantly the amount of time spent in paw licking in both phases (the neurogenic and inflammatory phases), this effect being more pronounced in the second phase (P < 0.001). Phytol also provoked a significant increase in latency in the hot plate test. These antinociceptive effects did not impaire the motor performance, as shown in the rotarod test. Phytol demonstrated a strong antioxidant effect in vitro in its capacity to remove hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide as well as to prevent the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Taken as a whole, these results show the pronounced antinociceptive effects of phytol in the nociception models used, both through its central and peripheral actions, but also its antioxidant properties demonstrated in the in vitro methods used.
RESUMO:A artrite reumatóide (AR) é considerada uma doença inflamatória crônica, de origem auto imune, mas de etiologia ainda desconhecida, que causa dano progressivo no sistema musculoesquelético. Com a progressão da doença, os pacientes com AR desenvolvem incapacidade para realização de suas atividades, com impacto econômico significativo para o paciente e para a sociedade. Nas últimas décadas, houve significativa evolução na forma de abordagem e na terapêutica da doença. Métodos laboratoriais e de imagem foram desenvolvidos, contribuindo para diagnóstico mais precoce e determinação de prognóstico. Tais mudanças motivaram esta revisão da literatura. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão formal da literatura sobre o tema, através de um levantamento bibliográfico, a partir de mecanismos de busca eletrônica. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Medline e ScienceDirect e sites de pesquisa científica disponíveis na rede, acessando artigos científicos publicados até fevereiro de 2011.Descritores: Artrite reumatóide; Diagnóstico; Tratamento. Update in Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid ArthritisABSTRACT: Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin but of unknown etiology that causes progressive damage to the musculoskeletal system. With progression of the disease, patients with RA develop inability to perform activities of daily living both as a professional, with significant economic impact for the patient and to society. In recent decades there has been significant progress in the approach and treatment of disease. Laboratory and imaging methods have been developed, contributing to earlier diagnosis and determining prognosis. Such changes have led to this review.
Objectives: To describe nursing care prescribed for patients at risk of Pressure Injury according to interventions proposed by the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and to categorize them according to American and European guidelines. Method: Descriptive exploratory research, with quantitative approach in a University Hospital. Nonprobabilistic sample of 100 medical records. Retrospective and documentary data collection. Data analysis by descriptive statistics. Results: Categories with the greatest number of prescribed care were risk factors and risk factor assessment (19 care with 11 NIC interventions) and care with repositioning and early mobilization (16 care with 5 NIC interventions). The use of assistive technologies favors the quality of patient care at risk of pressure injury. Conclusion: Knowledge and application of nursing interventions in the prevention of pressure injury define the behavior and attitude that nurses take to a desired outcome. Descriptors: Pressure Ulcer, Nursing Care, Nursing Process. RESUMÉNObjetivos: describir la atención de enfermería prescrita para pacientes en riesgo de lesión por presión según las intervenciones propuestas por la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC) y categorizarlas de acuerdo con las pautas estadounidenses y europeas. Método: investigación exploratoria descriptiva, con abordaje cuantitativo en un Hospital Universitario. Muestra no probabilística de 100 registros médicos. Recopilación de datos retrospectivos y documentales. Análisis de datos por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Las categorías con el mayor número de cuidados prescritos fueron los factores de riesgo y la evaluación de los factores de riesgo (19 cuidados con 11 intervenciones NIC) y la atención con reposicionamiento y movilización temprana (16 cuidados con 5 intervenciones NIC). El uso de tecnologías de asistencia favorece la calidad del cuidado del paciente en riesgo de lesión por presión. Conclusión: El conocimiento y la aplicación de intervenciones de enfermería en la prevención de lesiones por presión definen el comportamiento y la actitud que las enfermeras adoptan para obtener un resultado deseado. Descriptores: Úlcera por Presión, Atención de Enfermería, Proceso de Enfermería. Como citar este artigo:Oliveira VC, Rabelo CBM, Vieira CPB, Costa JP. Intervenções de enfermagem na prevenção de lesões por pressão: estudo descritivo-exploratório. Rev Pre Infec e Saúde [Internet].2017;3(3):21-29. Available from:
Objetivo: descrever padrões de cuidados em prevenção e tratamento de extravasamento de antineoplásicos baseadoem evidências clínicas. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Medline/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS e Science Direct. Resultados: foram localizados 30 estudos em inglês e espanhol, entre 2005 a 2015.Os temas predominantes quanto ao extravasamento são fatores de risco, medidas de prevenção e tratamento, comoo uso de compressas e antídotos, estes foram organizados em quadros e classificados quanto ao nível de evidência egrau de recomendação. Conclusão: a prevenção é a principal estratégia. Ressalta-se a importância de implementação deprotocolo assistencial.Descritores: Antineoplásicos; Extravasamento de Materiais Terapêuticos e Diagnósticos; Enfermagem. ABSTRACTObjective: to describe patterns of care in the prevention and treatment of clinical evidence based antineoplastic extravasation. Methods: integrative literature review carried out in Medline/PuBMed, CINAHL, LILACS and Science Directdatabases. Results: 30 studies were conducted in english and spanish between 2005 and 2015. The predominant themesregarding extravasation are risk factors, prevention and treatment measures, such as the use of compresses and antidotes, these were organized in tables and classified as level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Conclusion:prevention is the main strategy. It is important to emphasize the importance of implementing a care protocol.Descriptors: Antineoplastic Agents; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Nursing.
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