“…Pan, Giovannini, et al, 2022;Shi et al, 2023;Vasile et al, 2020). Indeed, nanoparticles such as gold (Shanwaz & Shyam, 2023;Zhan et al, 2022), silver (Esfahani et al, 2023;Hassan Afandy et al, 2023;Macovei et al, 2023), zinc oxide (Al-Mosawi et al, 2023;Mousa et al, 2023;Xu et al, 2023), iron oxide (Shahriary et al, 2018), copper oxide (Bilal et al, 2022), titanium oxide (Abdolmajid et al, 2019), and gallium nanoparticles (Kircheva & Dudev, 2020;L. Li, Chang, et al, 2021;Pajor et al, 2020) have shown potential as antibacterial agents.…”