Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine in endodontic treatment: a scoping review

Abdulrab, Saleem; Mostafa, Nawras H; Al‐Maweri, Sadeq Ali; Abada, Hisham; Halboub, Esam; Alhadainy, Hatem A.

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02433-6

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in impeding biofilm formation and proliferation by non-oral pathogens, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Staphylococcus species, P. aeruginosa , and Burkholderia cepacia as well as by oral pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis , Streptococcus mutans , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia , and E. faecalis ( Abdulrab et al., 2022 ). The antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of NAC are likely attributed to its ability to diminish biofilm formation, impede bacterial adherence, and diminish the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide matrix.…”

Section: Antioxidants With Antimicrobial Properties In Sepsis Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review

Sahoo,

Wong,

Patani

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition characterized by organ dysfunction caused by an imbalanced immune response to infection. Although an increased inflammatory response significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis, several molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of sepsis are associated with increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and exhausted antioxidant pathways. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of ROS in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the potential application of antioxidants with antimicrobial properties as an adjunct to primary therapies (fluid and antibiotic therapies) against sepsis. This article delves into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the utilization of antioxidants in the therapeutic approach to sepsis, which has been explored in a variety of animal models and clinical trials. While the application of antioxidants has been suggested as a potential therapy to suppress the immune response in cases where an intensified inflammatory reaction occurs, the use of multiple antioxidant agents can be beneficial as they can act additively or synergistically on different pathways, thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense. Furthermore, the utilization of immunoadjuvant therapy, specifically in septic patients displaying immunosuppressive tendencies, represents a promising advancement in sepsis therapy.

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Section: Antioxidants With Antimicrobial Properties In Sepsis Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review

Sahoo,

Wong,

Patani

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…This neutralization halts the dissolution of hard tissues and indirectly reduces inflammation by decreasing periapical exudation. Additionally, calcium hydroxide exhibits antimicrobial properties against pathogens causing pulpitis due to its high alkalinity, which results from its rapid dissolution in aqueous solution, thereby releasing hydroxyl ions that act as strong oxidizing agents [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can antimicrobial photodynamic therapy serve as an effective adjunct protocol for disinfecting the necrotic root canal system? A randomized controlled study

Barazy,

Alafif,

Achour

et al. 2024

BDJ Open

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Background Bacterial infection plays an important role in persistent periapical lesions and inadequate disinfection of root canals is considered the biggest factor responsible for endodontic treatment failure. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) has become the latest choice to eradicate microorganisms in root canals. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) in bacterial count reduction compared to Passive Ultrasonic Activation (PUI) and Ca(OH)2 dressings. Materials and methods Forty-five anterior single canal teeth with medium-sized periapical lesions (2–5 mm) were divided into three groups according to the disinfecting technique (each group consists of 15 canals with 1:1:1 allocation ratio): Group A: Ca(OH)2 dressing. Group B: Passive Ultrasonic Activation (PUI). Group C: Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). Direct bacterial viable count method was used to count the colonies forming units (CFU) before and after the disinfecting and the bacterial count reduction was estimated, the statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level using the Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U test. Results aPDT showed no statistically significant difference when compared to passive ultrasonic irrigation (P > 0.05) but showed higher and more promising results when compared to Ca(OH)2 dressings (P < 0.05). Conclusions aPDT has the ability and effectiveness as a disinfecting technique in necrotic and infected root canals. Clinical significance of the study The results of this clinical trial provide that aPDT can be considered an adjunct method for root canal disinfection with the same effectiveness as passive ultrasonic irrigation.

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“…N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), the acetylated form of the amino acid L-cysteine, is a biochemically safe molecule used in the management of various diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Its thiol (sulfhydryl) group imparts a direct antioxidant effect and neutralizes free radicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Acetyl Cysteine-Mediated Improvements in Dental Restorative Material Biocompatibility

Matsuura,

Komatsu,

Ogawa

2022

IJMS

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The fibroblast-rich gingival tissue is usually in contact with or adjacent to cytotoxic polymer-based dental restoration materials. The objective of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant amino acid, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), reduces the toxicity of dental restorative materials. Human oral fibroblasts were cultured with bis-acrylic, flowable composite, bulk-fill composite, self-curing acrylic, and titanium alloy test specimens. Cellular behavior and function were analyzed on and around the materials. Impregnation of the bulk-fill composite and self-curing acrylic with NAC reduced their toxicity, improving the attachment, growth, and function of human oral fibroblasts on and around the materials. These mitigating effects were NAC dose dependent. However, NAC impregnation of the bis-acrylic and flowable composite was ineffective, with no cells attaching to nor around the materials. Although supplementing the culture medium with NAC also effectively improved fibroblast behaviors, direct impregnation of materials with NAC was more effective than supplementing the cultures. NAC-mediated improvements in fibroblast behavior were associated with reduced production of reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione together with increased glutathione reserves, indicating that NAC effectively directly scavenged ROS from materials and reinforced the cellular antioxidant defense system. These results establish a proof of concept of NAC-mediated improvements in biocompatibility in the selected dental restorative materials.

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Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine in endodontic treatment: a scoping review

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review

Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review

Can antimicrobial photodynamic therapy serve as an effective adjunct protocol for disinfecting the necrotic root canal system? A randomized controlled study

N-Acetyl Cysteine-Mediated Improvements in Dental Restorative Material Biocompatibility

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