Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Effects of Xanthorrhizol in the Prevention of Dental Caries: A Systematic Review

Khalid, Ghulam Sarwar; Hamrah, Mohammad Hassan; Ghafary, Elaha Somaya; Hosseini, Sepideh; Almasi, Fateme

doi:10.2147/dddt.s290021

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It further consists of some organism species, such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, rooted in an extracellular matrix. The matrix that surrounds the bacteria reduces antimicrobial drug penetration into the biofilm's deeper parts, making it resistant to antimicrobial agents [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of three herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans compared with Chlorhexidine 0.2% (in vitro study)

et al. 2022

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There is a special focus on using natural materials and herbal plants to prevent dental caries. Previous studies showed that some herbal plants have antimicrobial effects on oral pathogens. Thus we investigated the antimicrobial effects of three herbal extracts (Carum copticum, Phlomis bruguieri, and Marrubium parviflorum) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, as the most important bacteria causing dental caries. First, plant methanolic extracts were prepared. Then, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the three herbal extracts, the agar well diffusion method and MIC were performed. The biofilm formation was carried out using a broth dilution method with 2% glucose-supplemented BHIS in sterile 96-well microplates. Serial dilutions (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12 mg/ml) of extracts were prepared. Next, a 0.5 McFarland Suspension of S. mutans was added to wells. The inhibitory effect on biofilm formation was measured by the ELISA reader apparatus. The assay was repeated three times, and the average was calculated as 3. The results were compared with those of Chlorhexidine 0.2%. Carum copticum showed a better effect in the agar well diffusion method than others. MIC of the extracts of Carum coptimum, Phlomis bruguieri, and Marrubium parviflorum were 3.12, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. Overall, the highest activity belonged to Carum copticum extract. For the anti-biofilm effect, the OD values of Carum copticum and Marrubium parviflorum were significantly different from that of Phlomis bruguieri. Although all of the methanolic herbal extracts can inhibit S. mutans growth and remove the biofilm, the effect of Carum copticum was better than Phlomis bruguieri and Marrubium parviflorum. Further studies are recommended to indicate how these extracts perform against the bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of three herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans compared with Chlorhexidine 0.2% (in vitro study)

et al. 2022

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“…Several polyphenolic ketones with multiple pharmacological activities are present in the pungent oils of these herbs. Studies documented their antifungal and antimicrobial effects on oral cavity pathogens [91,92]. Honey is a possible antibacterial agent, and research indicates that manuka honey is probably noncariogenic [93].…”

Section: Herbal Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralization and Remineralization Dynamics and Dental Caries

Anil¹,

Ibraheem²,

Meshni³

et al. 2022

Dentistry

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of dietary sugars, dental biofilm, and the dental tissue of the host. It results from repeated cycles of demineralization and remineralization at the interface of the biofilm and the tooth surface. Demineralization is the process of removing mineral ions from hydroxyapatite crystals in hard tissues, such as enamel, which can lead to dental caries if left unchecked. The remineralization process can reverse the lost mineral ions that occur during demineralization. The degree of demineralization and remineralization depends on several variables, including the amount of available calcium and phosphate and salivary pH levels. Over the past several decades, remineralizing or calcifying fluids with variable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride formulations have been developed. The management of early caries by remineralization has the potential to significantly advance the noninvasive clinical management of the disease. The chapter outlines the mechanisms by which the demineralization-remineralization process occurs and the use of remineralizing agents that reverse demineralization or enhance remineralization.

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“…The mechanism of action of phenol compounds, through interaction between the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the phenol compound with bacterial cells wall to facilitate hydrogen bonds subsequently causes alteration of bacterial membrane permeability. The high concentration of phenol can penetrate into cells subsequently leading to protein coagulation on the cell membrane and cell lysis [62,63].…”

Section: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity 41 Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb. An Indonesia Native Medicinal Plant with Potential Antioral Biofilm Effect

Suniarti¹,

Puspitawati²,

Yanuar³

et al. 2022

Focus on Bacterial Biofilms

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Most common oral diseases are directly related to oral biofilm, a complex community of microorganisms inhibiting the oral cavity. Recent studies provide deeper knowledge on how free-floating bacteria form a structurally organized microecosystem and on its pathogenicity and its self-defense mechanisms; thus, creating an understanding of the challenges in eliminating oral biofilm and maintaining the balance of oral ecosystem. Chlorhexidine has been the standard oral antimicrobial agent for decades. However, studies showed that it is less effective against bacteria in the form of biofilm that leads to an ongoing search of another method to fight against biofilm, including the use of plant-derived compounds. Medicinal plants are known to contain secondary metabolites, which are not only important in protecting the plant from any harmful environment but also potential as antimicroorganism and antioral biofilm for humans. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., containing xanthorrhizol (XNT), an essential bioactive compound, is an Indonesian native medicinal plant proven to have antibacterial and antibiofilm activities by several in vitro studies. The understanding of biofilm formation, its resistance to common drugs, and the potential role of C. xanthorrhiza-derived compounds as antibacterial and antibiofilm may contribute to developing C. xanthorrhiza into the alternative weapon against oral biofilm-related diseases.

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Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Effects of Xanthorrhizol in the Prevention of Dental Caries: A Systematic Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 58 publications

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of three herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans compared with Chlorhexidine 0.2% (in vitro study)

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of three herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans compared with Chlorhexidine 0.2% (in vitro study)

Demineralization and Remineralization Dynamics and Dental Caries

Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb. An Indonesia Native Medicinal Plant with Potential Antioral Biofilm Effect

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