Antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of a lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen-peroxide-system-containing lozenge

Abstract

Background Antimicrobial agents are considered valuable adjuncts to mechanical methods of plaque control. However, their long-term use can be limited because of side effects. Therefore, using physiological substances is promising due to no risk of development, for example, of microbial resistances, allergies or DNA damaging. The lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system (LPO-system) is a highly effective antimicrobial system. This study aimed to evaluate in a randomized study with a four-replicate cross-over design the effectiveness of two oral hygiene lozenges containing LPO-system in oral hygiene. Results After using the mouth rinse as positive control (A) and allocated test lozenges (B) (0.083% H2O2) & (C) (0.04% H2O2) for 4 days instead of the normal oral hygiene procedures (tooth brushing etc.), Listerine rinse (A) was statistically significantly more effective than the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.083% H2O2, the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.04% H2O2, and the placebo lozenge (D) in inhibiting plaque. Lozenges B and C were statistically significantly more effective than the placebo lozenge, but no statistically significant differences could be observed between them. The LPO-system-lozenge (B) reduced statistically significantly more S. mutans than the LPO-system-lozenge with (C) and the placebo lozenge (D). The LPO-system-lozenge (C) reduced statistically significantly more Lactobacilli than Listerine (A), the LPO-system-lozenge (B) and the placebo lozenge (D). There were no statistically significant differences in the total CFUs between Listerine rinse, the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.083% H2O2 (B), the LPO-system-lozenge with 0.04% H2O2 (C), and the placebo lozenge (D). On day 5 there were no differences of the OSCN−-values between all A, B, C, and D. However, the SCN−-values increased over the days in both LPO-system-lozenges (B/C). The statistically significant differences between B/C and A/D on day 5 were as followed: A to B p = 0.0268; A to C p = 0.0035; B to D p = 0.0051; C to D p = 0.0007. Only in the group of Listerine (A) increased the NO3−/NO2−-quotient over the test time, which indicates a reduction of nitrate-reducing bacteria. On Day 5 the statistically significant difference between A and B was p = 0.0123. Conclusions The results indicate that lozenges containing a complete LPO-system, inhibiting plaque regrowth and reducing cariogenic bacteria, may be used in the daily oral hygiene.

Whole-cell P450 biocatalysts using engineered Escherichia coli with fine-tuned heme supply

“…Aside from P450s, the insu cient supply of heme is a common bottleneck for the synthesis of other active hemoproteins because heme plays vital roles in their folding, assembly, and function 44 . These hemoproteins have been widely applied in the elds of food and medicine, including food processing (soy hemoglobin and porcine myoglobin as coloring and avoring agents) 45,46 , food preservation (lactoperoxidase as a bioavailable bacteriostatic agent) 47 , emergency medicine (human hemoglobin as an acellular oxygen carrier) 48 , and medical diagnosis (horseradish peroxidase as a chemiluminescent sensor) 49 . Especially, hemoglobin and myoglobin have become the indispensable components in plantbased and cell-based arti cial meat alternatives 50 .…”

Impact of different oral treatments on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiome

“…The design of the 4-days standard randomized plaque-regrowth study [ 19 , 20 ] is displayed in Figure 1 . All 16 study participants (six male and ten female) were oral healthy dental students of the Greifswald dental school, who gave their written informed consent for this study.…”

“…Clinical studies provide insight into the effectiveness of the products, e.g. by performing plaque regrowth studies using traditional microbiological techniques [ 19 ]. Such a standard cross-over plaque-regrowth study [ 20 ] demonstrated that mouth rinse Listerine® Total Care™ (A – positive control) was statistically significantly more effective than the LPO-system-lozenges (B- 0.083% H 2 0 2 accordingly a 1:2 H 2 0 2 /SCN- relation), (C- 0.04% H 2 0 2 accordingly a 1:4 H 2 0 2 /SCN- relation), and the placebo lozenge (D) in inhibiting plaque.…”

“…In this pilot study, we used an established metaproteomic approach [ 28 , 29 ] to evaluate the effect of the lozenges used in Welk et al [ 19 ] on the microbiome composition and the changes at the protein level with respect to their functions in metabolic pathways in the bacterial community. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study combining a well-recognized and established clinical model in dentistry [ 20 ] with a metaproteomic study [ 30 ].…”

Synthesis, characterization, and some pharmacological evaluation of 5-Thiocyanatouracil compound

“…Additionally, the cell's ability to absorb glucose, amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines as well as to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins is impeded. [27] Financial Support And Sponsorship: Nil Conflicts Of Interest: There are no conflicts of interest.…”