Antibacterial and Biofilm Modulating Potential of Ferulic Acid-Grafted Chitosan against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

The emergence of more virulent forms of human pathogenic bacteria with multi-drug resistance is a serious global issue and requires alternative control strategies. The current study focused on investigating the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of ferulic acid-grafted chitosan (CFA) against Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). The result showed that CFA at 64 µg/mL concentration exhibits bactericidal action against LM and SA (>4 log reduction) and bacteriostatic action against PA (<2 log colony forming units/mL reduction) within 24 h of incubation. Further studies based on propidium iodide uptake assay, measurement of material released from the cell, and electron microscopic analysis revealed that the bactericidal action of CFA was due to altered membrane integrity and permeability. CFA dose dependently inhibited biofilm formation (52–89% range), metabolic activity (30.8–75.1% range) and eradicated mature biofilms, and reduced viability (71–82% range) of the test bacteria. Also, the swarming motility of LM was differentially affected at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) concentrations of CFA. In the present study, the ability of CFA to kill and alter the virulence production in human pathogenic bacteria will offer insights into a new scope for the application of these biomaterials in healthcare to effectively treat bacterial infections.

Effects of TCMs andLactobacillusstrains on immunosuppressed mice and bacteriostatic effect onEscherichia coliK88 after fermentation

“…The results of the TCM antibacterial tests showed that F. mume (26.3 ± 0.50 mm), G. chinensis (23.7 ± 0.26 mm), R. codonopsis (20.0 ± 1.00 mm), P. granati (21.7 ± 0.36 mm), H. taraxaci (15.8 ± 0.85 mm) and R. coptidis (11.3 ± 1.6 mm) contained antibacterial components that exhibited antibacterial activity toward the ETEC strain K88, which is consistent with previously reported results [21,22]. F. mume exhibited a good antimicrobial effect on the ETEC K88 strain, potentially due to its high content of fumaric acid, which was previously shown to inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [23][24][25]. In addition, gallic acid from G. chinensis inhibits bacterial growth by disrupting bacterial cell membranes, resulting in the leakage of cell contents [26].…”

Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Phytochemicals against Aeromonas Species Isolated from Fish

“…According to our knowledge, it is first study concerning the effects of these compounds against Aeromonas spp. The antibacterial activity of FA is due to its membrane-targeting action, which causes loss of membrane integrity [30]. Borges et al [31] showed that MBC value of FA for E. coli was 2500 μg/mL and 5000 μg/mL for S. aureus .…”

Carboxylation of Hydroxyaromatic Compounds with HCO3− by Enzyme Catalysis: Recent Advances Open the Perspective for Valorization of Lignin-Derived Aromatics

“…Resorcinol (entries 8 and 9) afforded two carboxylate products. Faber and coworkers have reported [45] the biocatalytic synthesis of salicylate derivatives starting from substituted phenols (as alkyl-, alkoxy-, halo-, and amino-substituted phenols) and HCO3 − by using 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase from Rhizobium sporomusa (2,6-DHBD_Rs), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase from Aspergillus oryzae (2,, and salicylic acid decarboxylase from Trichosporon moniliiforme (SAD_Tm) (the general reaction is shown in Table 2, entries 1-3).…”

“…Phenolic acids, encompassing both hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids (Figure 1), are important intermediates in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, [1][2][3][4] as well as in the synthesis of advanced materials [5][6][7].…”

“…Phenolic acids, encompassing both hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids (Figure 1), are important intermediates in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, [1][2][3][4] as well as in the synthesis of advanced materials [5][6][7]. From a synthetic point of view, the preparation of hydroxyl-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids by functionalisation of aromatic hydroxy compounds with CO 2 is a highly desirable green procedure alternative to traditional and high temperature oxidation processes using HNO 3 or molecular oxygen [8].…”