Antibacterial Applications of Nanodiamonds

Abstract

Bacterial infectious diseases, sharing clinical characteristics such as chronic inflammation and tissue damage, pose a major threat to human health. The steady increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections adds up to the current problems modern healthcare is facing. The treatment of bacterial infections with multi-resistant germs is very difficult, as the development of new antimicrobial drugs is hardly catching up with the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens. These and other considerations have generated an increased interest in the development of viable alternatives to antibiotics. A promising strategy is the use of nanomaterials with antibacterial character and of nanostructures displaying anti-adhesive activity against biofilms. Glycan-modified nanodiamonds (NDs) revealed themselves to be of great promise as useful nanostructures for combating microbial infections. This review summarizes the current efforts in the synthesis of glycan-modified ND particles and evaluation of their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities.

Review on the Antimicrobial Properties of Carbon Nanostructures

“…CNSs are being successfully employed in biological-related studies such as sensing, biomaterials, drug delivery, and antibacterial agents [ 22 ]. There is a vast body of relevant monographs and reviews in literature discussing the biological/bactericidal activities of carbon nanostructures (see e.g., [ 17 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]), with many more relevant publications emerging rapidly. Examples used in this review have been selected only to highlight particular favourable or limiting aspects in the property, characterization, and application of carbon nanostructures.…”

Antibacterial activity of graphene-based materials

“…1C). [14][15][16]22 In contrast to metal and metal oxide NPs, NDs are highly stable in corrosive media, which limits their decomposition or transformation to materials with potential toxicity and decreased activity. The antibacterial activity of NDs is strongly guided by their surface composition and charge.…”

Graphene Materials in Antimicrobial Nanomedicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…Limited information [21,68,158,159] a) These descriptions are given for some representative commercial products only; b) These major advantages/disadvantages refer to the antimicrobial applications; c) See future perspectives in Section 4 for further insights.…”