Antibacterial Dual Network Hydrogels for Sensing and Human Health Monitoring

Human beings cannot live without elastomers, which exist almost everywhere in human life nowadays. Although elastomers with a variety of features are developed for specific applications, a timeless topic is how to toughen them, because mechanical properties always determine the reliability and lifespan of the utilized elastomers. Toughening of a soft material has a long history and the main idea is widely accepted, i.e., building energy dissipation into the stretchy networks. Double network (DN) method is the most pioneering and representative practice of materials toughening, which is successfully applied to numerous hydrogel systems. Intensive studies on DN hydrogel systems are implemented and relevant reviews are well documented, whereas important reviews about DN elastomers are absent. In this review, recent progress on toughening elastomers using the DN strategy is reviewed. By reviewing the fabrication methods and relevant extensions, toughening mechanisms at different length scales, functionalities, and applications in sequence, it is shown how one polymer network plus another gives rise to a tough elastomer with superior mechanical properties. It is believed that this review can give some insight into existing DN elastomer systems and inspire the development of next‐generation tough soft materials.

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“…can be utilized to construct the first network of a hybrid DN hydrogel. [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]…”

Section: Physically/chemically Cross-linked Hybrid Dn Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Double Network Elastomers: One Plus One is Greater Than Two

Yang

Tang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Fan et al. [ 88 ] designed an antibacterial dual network hydrogel‐based strain sensor used to detect the rat liver motion. Wu and co‐workers [ 89 ] developed a kind of self‐shaping hydrogel‐based soft electronics for the monitoring of rabbit heart movement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Fu's group [87] reported a zwitterionic nanocomposite hydrogel as a strain sensor to wirelessly monitor the lung breathing of rabbit. Fan et al [88] designed an antibacterial dual network hydrogel-based strain sensor used to detect the rat liver motion. Wu and co-workers [89] developed a kind of self-shaping hydrogel-based soft electronics for the monitoring of rabbit heart movement.…”

Section: Sensing Applications Of Multi-network Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Network Poly(β‐cyclodextrin)/PVA/Gelatin/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Hydrogels Constructed by Multiple Dynamic Crosslinking as Flexible Electronic Devices

Liu

2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Multifunctional hydrogels with good stretchability and self-healing properties have attracted considerable attention in the field of flexible electronic devices. However, hydrogels constructed by traditional chemical crosslinking usually have poor mechanical properties and lack self-healing, adhesion, and biocompatibility, which cannot meet the requirements of flexible wearable devices. This work introduced multiple dynamic crosslinking, including borate ester bond, Schiff-base, and host-guest interaction, into polymer networks to fabricate triple-network gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol/carbon nanotube composite hydrogels with good self-healing ability (healing efficiency of 95.0%), mechanical strength (54.6 kPa), stretchability (778%), biocompatibility, conductivity, adhesion, and remodeling properties. Carbon nanotubes can serve as the filler to improve the electrical conductivity of the triple-network hydrogels. The resulting hydrogel can be made into a strain sensor with high strain sensitivity (gauge factor up to 16.0). More importantly, the strain sensor can be used to monitor various human and organ movements. Owing to its good self-healing ability, the self-healed hydrogel sensor also can detect human movements with almost the same electrical signal strength as the original one. This study gives novel insights for the design of multifunctional self-healing hydrogels that have great potential in various application fields such as electronic skins, soft robots, and wearable devices.

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“…Physical cross-linking Ionic interaction [47,69,83,84,85,134] Hydrogen bonding [42,48,86] Self-assembly [97,152,170] Chemical cross-linking Schiff base reaction [41,70,88,115,148] Michael addition reaction [42,89,90] Free radical polymerization [41,43,69,91,64,173] Click chemistry [95,96,97] Enzyme cross-linking [54,99,100] Therefore, the design of green and non-toxic cross-linking agents and initiators is the focus of future research.…”

Section: Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lei et al developed a conductive hydrogel by introducing the tannic acid-borax complex into a polyacrylamide/agarose hydrogel network. [173] Due to its excellent biocompatibility and electrical conductivity, the hydrogel had the function of real-time monitoring of heartbeat, skin wounds, and internal tissue status. Inspired by shark tooth structures, Guo et al [174] developed a wound monitoring microneedle patch with long-term tissue adhesion.…”

Section: Wound Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Hydrogels for Skin Wound Repair

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Macromolecular Bioscience

117

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As the first defensive line between the human body and the outside world, the skin is vulnerable to damage from the external environment. Skin wounds can be divided into acute wounds (mechanical injuries, chemical injuries, and surgical wounds, etc.) and chronic wounds (burns, infections, diabetes, etc.). In order to manage skin wound, a variety of wound dressings have been developed, including gauze, films, foams, nanofibers, hydrocolloids, and hydrogels. Recently, hydrogels have received much attention because of their natural extracellular matrix (ECM)‐mimik structure, tunable mechanical properties, and facile bioactive substance delivery capability. They show great potential application in skin wound repair. This paper first introduces the anatomy and function of the skin, the process of wound healing and conventional wound dressings, and then introduces the composition and construction methods of hydrogels. Next, this paper introduces the necessary properties of hydrogels in skin wound repair and the latest research progress of hydrogel dressings for skin wound repair. Finally, the future development goals of hydrogel materials in the field of wound healing are proposed.

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Antibacterial Dual Network Hydrogels for Sensing and Human Health Monitoring

Cited by 115 publications

References 50 publications

Recent Progress in Double Network Elastomers: One Plus One is Greater Than Two

Recent Progress in Double Network Elastomers: One Plus One is Greater Than Two

Multi‐Network Poly(β‐cyclodextrin)/PVA/Gelatin/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Hydrogels Constructed by Multiple Dynamic Crosslinking as Flexible Electronic Devices

Progress in Hydrogels for Skin Wound Repair

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