Antibacterial Effects of Orthodontic Primer Harboring Chitosan Nanoparticles against the Multispecies Biofilm of Cariogenic Bacteria in a Rat Model

Abstract

Introduction: Microbial biofilm accumulation around orthodontic brackets and composite is a common complication of fixed orth-odontic treatment. This study assessed the antibacterial effects of orthodontic primer containing chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) against the multispecies biofilm of cariogenic bacteria in а rat model. Materials and methods: Transbond XT orthodontic primer containing 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% CNPs was experimentally prepared. The Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7) of control (0% CNPs), 1%, 5% and 10% CNPs. The oral cavities of the rats were infected with cariogenic bacteria. After anesthetizing the rats, 1 drop (10 µL) of primer with different concentrations of CNPs was applied to their central incisor and light-cured for 20 seconds. Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive (2 × 2 mm) was applied on the primer. Another drop (10 µL) of primer was applied and light-cured for 40 seconds. The number of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus colonies in the saliva of rats was quantified at 24 hours, 4 days and 7 days.  Results: Adding 1% (p=0.005), 5% (p<0.001) and 10% (p<0.001) of CNPs to orthodontic primer significantly reduced the S. mutans colony count at 24 hours compared with the control group. At 24 hours, the mean S. sanguinis colony counts in the 5% (p=0.04) and 10% (p=0.02) CNP groups were significantly lower than that in the control group. Also, at 4 and 7 days, the mean colony counts in the 5% and 10% CNP groups were significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). At 24 hours and 4 days, the mean L. acidophilus colony count in the 10% CNP group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). At 7 days, rats with failed adhesive showed a significantly higher count of all three bacteria compared with rats with adhesive (p<0.05). Conclusions: The addition of 5% CNPs to orthodontic primer significantly decreased the colony count of cariogenic bacteria in rats.

Evaluation of antimicrobial property of nanochitosan coated orthodontic brackets against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus – an in vitro study

“…e result of the study coincided with previous studies that had demonstrated the antibacterial property of Chitosan and nano chitosan particles. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Chitosan exhibited potent antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria when added to dentifrices, mouthwashes, composite resins, orthodontic bonding agents, and impression materials without affecting their mechanical and clinical properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Chitosan acts against bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial enzymes, causing chelation of metal ions and forming polyelectrolyte complexes on the bacterial cell wall.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Chitosan exhibited potent antimicrobial properties against cariogenic bacteria when added to dentifrices, mouthwashes, composite resins, orthodontic bonding agents, and impression materials without affecting their mechanical and clinical properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Chitosan acts against bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial enzymes, causing chelation of metal ions and forming polyelectrolyte complexes on the bacterial cell wall. [17,[25][26][27][28][29][30] is specific action of chitosan against S. mutans and L. acidophilus may be due to the presence of more anionic peptidoglycan and Teichoic acid in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria that interact with the cationic amino group of chitosan leading to cell death.…”

Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Chitosan Nanoparticles-Containing Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study

“…The standardization of drops is achieved by using a 10–100 µ m sampler (Cypress Diagnostics, Hulshout, Belgium). The addition and mixing procedures were conducted in a semidark room [ 13 ].…”

“…Chitosan is a naturally produced biopolymer which is created via deacetylation of chitin [ 12 ]. Chitosan and its derivatives have piqued the interest of researchers due to its ability to reduce Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis , and fungi [ 13 ]. This polysaccharide-based polymer offers nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible properties that can be used to replace the limits of metal nanoparticles [ 14 ].…”

Photoactivation of Curcumin Doped Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles in Rat Model with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

“…The rats were anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of a combination of 6 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride and 50 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (both from Syntec, Santana de Parnaiba, Sao Paulo, Brazil) [ 43 ] before placement of orthodontic appliances. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized with an overdose of ketamine and xylazine, and sacrificed and their maxilla was resected.…”