Antibacterial Efficacy of Synthetic and Natural-Derived Novel Endodontic Irrigant Solutions

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE), calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO) 2 ], and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigant solutions with rotary or reciprocating instrumentation for disinfection of root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. The roots were then randomly divided into the following eight experimental groups (n=11) according to the instrumentation technique and disinfection protocol: ProTaper Next or Reciproc R25 with sodium chloride (control group), 6% NaOCl, 6% Ca(ClO) 2 , or 50% GSE used for irrigation during instrumentation. The antimicrobial activity was determined on the basis of a reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) counted on bacterial samples collected before and after root canal instrumentation and expressed as a percentage of reduction. Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in bacterial reduction between the ProTaper Next and Reciproc R25 systems (p>0.05), regardless of the irrigant solution used. Furthermore, all active solutions (6% NaOCl, 50% GSE, and 6% Ca(ClO) 2 ) showed similar potential to reduce bacterial counts (p>0.05) and were significantly more effective than sodium chloride (control) (p<0.05). The results suggest that the GSE and Ca(ClO) 2 have potential clinical application as irrigant solutions in endodontic therapy since they present bactericidal efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis.

Evaluation of the biological properties of two experimental calcium silicate sealers: an in vivo study in rats

“…Calcium hypochlorite is an alkaline white powder that is effective against E. faecalis and can dissolve organic tissue (Bello et al 2018). Calcium hypochlorite can be used as an antimicrobial agent associated with materials, and its effect is related to the release of chlorine and alkaline potential (Almeida et al 2014, Bello et al 2018, Soligo et al 2018.…”

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium and Sodium Hypochlorite at Different Concentrations on a Biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Comparative Study

“…The benefits it provides as an irrigator during endodontic therapy include effective elimination of vital and nonvital tissue, with broad antibacterial effects for destroying bacteria, fungi, spores, and viruses, among which the most predominant are E. faecalis and C. albicans. [3][4][5][6] These microorganisms have a high survival rate and both show tolerance to the conditions of adverse environments, making eradication difficult, in addition to being an excellent lubricant, favoring the action of the instruments, it has a low surface tension, half-life of prolonged storage but also presents cytotoxic characteristics. 8,10,11 Therefore, this study seeks to verify that Ca(ClO) 2 which is a more stable chemical compound, contains a higher concentration of chlorine in concentrations of 2.5% and 5.5% compared to NaClO under the same conditions, making eradication difficult.…”

“…Endodontic treatment involves the total elimination of microorganisms found in both primary and refractory infectious processes of the root canal system, and this is achieved by a series of factors to, one of the main factors being irrigation. [1][2][3][4] Persistent root canal infections are related to the retention of microorganisms in the dentinal tissue before, during, or after endodontic treatment. The most frequently involved microorganisms are E. faecalis and C. albicans.…”

Evaluation of antimicrobial Effectiveness of EndoVac and Laser for treatment of infected permanent root Canals

“…Moreover, the use of the ProTaper Next rotary system in this study with its rectangular cross-section design and asymmetric rotary motion improved the degree of canal-shaping. During rotation, the files create a mechanical wave of motion, which passes through the length of the working part of the instrument and reduces the contact between the instrument and dentin, resulting in enhanced debris removal and flexibility in the working part of the file (12) .…”