Antibacterial Efficiency of Graphene Nanosheets against Pathogenic Bacteria via Lipid Peroxidation

Abstract

Graphene nanosheets are highly recognized for their utility toward the development of biomedical device applications. The present study investigated the antibacterial efficiency of graphene nanosheets against four types of pathogenic bacteria. Graphene nanosheets are synthesized by a hydrothermal approach (under alkaline conditions using hydrazine hydrate). UV–vis and X-ray diffraction show a maximum absorbance at 267 nm and appearance of new broad diffraction peak at 26°, which ensures the reduction of graphene oxide into graphene nanosheets. Stretching and bending vibrations of C–C bonds, chemical states, disorder, and defects associated with the graphene nanosheets are evaluated in comparison with graphene oxide. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of graphene nanosheets against pathogenic bacteria was evaluated by a microdilution method. MICs such as 1 μg/mL (against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium), 8 μg/mL (against Enterococcus faecalis), and 4 μg/mL (against Bacillus subtilis) suggest that graphene nanosheets have predominant antibacterial activity compared to the standard antibiotic, kanamycin. Measurement of free radical modulation activity of graphene nanosheets suggested the involvement of reactive oxygen species in antibacterial properties.

Interfacing Zwitterionic Liposomes with Inorganic Nanomaterials: Surface Forces, Membrane Integrity, and Applications

“…In other studies, lipid interaction was also proposed to be a major reason of the anti-microbial activity of graphene-based materials. 58,59 Li et al observed an edge-first uptake and internalization of graphene up to 10 μm lateral size by mammalian cells. After detailed molecular dynamics simulation, the authors proposed graphene entering into the lipid bilayer via corners or asperities (as opposed to enter via flat edges) to lower the energy barrier ( Figure 6C).…”

Fe3+-saturated montmorillonite effectively deactivates bacteria in wastewater

“…In general, bacterial deactivation can be the result of: 1) direct mechanical breakage of outer cell membranes by sharp edged nanoparticles (Akhavan and Ghaderi, 2010;Liu et al, 2009;Situ and Samia, 2014); 2) chemical oxidative stress mediated cell injury that is induced by in situ production of reactive oxygen species (Krishnamoorthy et al, 2012;Su et al, 2009); and 3) dehydration of cell membrane (Beney et al, 2004). It is highly likely that the latter two bacterial deactivation mechanisms are at play when wastewater is exposed to Fe 3+ -saturated montmorillonite.…”

Study of photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of graphene oxide nanosheets

“…Owing to nano-sizes, it may interfere with several chemical processes taking place in cells. Such interactions may cause oxidative stress leading to bacterial cell death [19][20][21][22].…”