Antibacterial Evaluation of Zirconia Coated with Plasma-Based Graphene Oxide with Photothermal Properties

Abstract

The alternative antibacterial treatment photothermal therapy (PTT) significantly affects oral microbiota inactivation. In this work, graphene with photothermal properties was coated on a zirconia surface using atmospheric pressure plasma, and then the antibacterial properties against oral bacteria were evaluated. For the graphene oxide coating on the zirconia specimens, an atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300, Expantech, Suwon, Republic of Korea) was used, and an Ar/CH4 gas mixture was coated on a zirconia specimen at a power of 240 W and a rate of 10 L/min. In the physiological property test, the surface properties were evaluated by measuring the surface shape of the zirconia specimen coated with graphene oxide, as well as the chemical composition and contact angle of the surface. In the biological experiment, the degree of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was determined by crystal violet assay and live/dead staining. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The group in which the zirconia specimen coated with graphene oxide was irradiated with near-infrared rays demonstrated a significant reduction in the adhesion of S. mutans and P. gingivalis compared with the group not irradiated. The oral microbiota inactivation was reduced by the photothermal effect on the zirconia coated with graphene oxide, exhibiting photothermal properties.

Application of Graphene Oxide in Oral Surgery: A Systematic Review

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT), an alternative antibacterial treatment, has a substantial impact on deactivating oral microbiota. The study by Park et al involved applying graphene possessing photothermal characteristics onto a zirconia surface using atmospheric pressure plasma, followed by an assessment of its antibacterial effects against oral bacteria [ 47 ]. To coat graphene oxide onto zirconia specimens, an atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300, Expantech, Suwon, Republic of Korea) was employed, utilizing an Ar/CH4 gas mixture at a power of 240 W and a flow rate of 10 L/min [ 47 ].…”

“…The study by Park et al involved applying graphene possessing photothermal characteristics onto a zirconia surface using atmospheric pressure plasma, followed by an assessment of its antibacterial effects against oral bacteria [ 47 ]. To coat graphene oxide onto zirconia specimens, an atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300, Expantech, Suwon, Republic of Korea) was employed, utilizing an Ar/CH4 gas mixture at a power of 240 W and a flow rate of 10 L/min [ 47 ]. Notably, the group subjected to near-infrared irradiation after coating the zirconia specimen with graphene oxide exhibited a significant decrease in S. mutans and P. gingivalis adhesion compared to the non-irradiated group [ 47 ].…”

“…To coat graphene oxide onto zirconia specimens, an atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300, Expantech, Suwon, Republic of Korea) was employed, utilizing an Ar/CH4 gas mixture at a power of 240 W and a flow rate of 10 L/min [ 47 ]. Notably, the group subjected to near-infrared irradiation after coating the zirconia specimen with graphene oxide exhibited a significant decrease in S. mutans and P. gingivalis adhesion compared to the non-irradiated group [ 47 ]. This reduction in oral microbiota activity was attributed to the photothermal effect on the zirconia surface coated with graphene oxide, which demonstrated photothermal properties [ 47 ].…”

“…Notably, the group subjected to near-infrared irradiation after coating the zirconia specimen with graphene oxide exhibited a significant decrease in S. mutans and P. gingivalis adhesion compared to the non-irradiated group [ 47 ]. This reduction in oral microbiota activity was attributed to the photothermal effect on the zirconia surface coated with graphene oxide, which demonstrated photothermal properties [ 47 ].…”

“… Risk of bias; red indicates high risk, and green indicates low risk of bias [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. …”