Antibacterial Mechanism of Gloverin2 from Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Wang, Qian; Guo, Pengchao; Wang, Zhan; Liu, Huawei; Zhang, Yunshi; Jiang, Shan; Han, Wenzhe; Xia, Qingyou; Zhao, Ping

doi:10.3390/ijms19082275

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The lower concentrations (0.075 and 0.15 µg/µL) did not induce relevant effects on the culture; only by incubation with 0.25 µg/µL did the growth drastically decrease to 12.5%. These data agree with the results by Wang et al [40], who have shown that gloverin exerts antibacterial effects mainly on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, with varying efficacy depending on the insect species considered. Moreover, since different microorganisms induce different immune signaling pathways, gloverins are generally considered to be induced through Toll and Imd pathways during immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains

et al. 2021

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The global spread of multi-resistant pathogens responsible for infections, which cannot be treated with existing drugs such as antibiotics, is of particular concern. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective and drug resistance is leading to more difficult-to-treat infections; therefore, new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity are needed and new alternative sources should be found. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are synthesized by processes typical of the innate immune system and are present in almost all organisms. Insects are extremely resistant to bacterial infections as they can produce a wide range of AMPs, providing an effective first line of defense. The AMPs produced by insects therefore represent a possible source of natural antimicrobial molecules. In this paper, the possibility of using plasma preparations from silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae as a source of antimicrobials was evaluated. After simple purification steps, insect plasma was analyzed and tested on different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results obtained are encouraging as the assays on Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae showed significant decrease in the growth of these Gram-negative bacteria. Similar results were obtained on Gram-positive bacteria, such as Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, which showed strong susceptibility to the silkworm AMPs pool. In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus displayed high resistance to Bombyx mori plasma. Finally, the tested plasma formulations were assessed for possible storage not only at 4 °C, but also above room temperature. In conclusion, partially purified plasma from silkworm could be a promising source of AMPs which could be used in formulations for topical applications, without additional and expensive purification steps.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains

et al. 2021

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“…The main reason may be that lipid-peptide interaction in live bacteria is a dynamic process that causes transient disruption of the cell membrane without destroying its structural integrity [27]. Some studies have reported that AMPs mainly acted on the membrane and led to cell death such as T9W, tachyplesin I, cathelicidin, and bovine lactoferricin derivatives [28][29][30][31][32]. Some results indicated that AMPs had different locations for killing different species of microbes such as Bac7 and SpHyastatin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Mechanism of pBD2 against Staphylococcus aureus

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show high antibacterial activity against pathogens, which makes them potential new therapeutics to prevent and cure diseases. Porcine beta defensin 2 (pBD2) is a newly discovered AMP and has shown antibacterial activity against different bacterial species including multi-resistant bacteria. In this study, the functional mechanism of pBD2 antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. After S. aureus cells were incubated with different concentrations of pBD2, the morphological changes in S. aureus and locations of pBD2 were detected by electron microscopy. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were also analyzed. The results showed that the bacterial membranes were broken, bulging, and perforated after treatment with pBD2; pBD2 was mainly located on the membranes, and some entered the cytoplasm. Furthermore, 31 DEGs were detected and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The known functional DEGs were associated with transmembrane transport, transport of inheritable information, and other metabolic processes. Our data suggest that pBD2 might have multiple modes of action, and the main mechanism by which pBD2 kills S. aureus is the destruction of the membrane and interaction with DNA. The results imply that pBD2 is an effective bactericide for S. aureus, and deserves further study as a new therapeutic substance against S. aureus.

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“…The immunofluorescence localization in P. pastoris was performed as previously described (Wang et al ., 2018). Briefly, P. pastoris strains induced with methanol for 4 days were incubated with normal goat serum (final concentration of 5%, Solarbio, Beijing, China) at 4 °C overnight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergosterol‐targeting fusion antifungal peptide significantly increases the Verticillium wilt resistance of cotton

Tong

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Increasing the targeting ability of antifungal proteins towards specific components of fungal cells has the potential to improve their antifungal activity and reduce harmful effects to nontarget cells. To obtain effective disease resistance genes against cotton Verticillium wilt, we constructed several fusion genes, in which binding domains targeting chitin, sphingolipid or ergosterol in the fungal cell wall or cell membrane were individually fused to the antifungal peptide BbAFP1 from entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Transient expression of fusion genes in cotton cotyledons indicated that the BbAFP1::ErBD fusion peptide with an ergosterol binding domain exhibited better disease resistance against V. dahliae than wild-type BbAFP1 and other fusion genes. BbAFP1::ErBD and BbAFP1 transgenic cotton were obtained and verified by Southern and Western blotting. Compared with BbAFP1-expressing cotton, BbAFP1::ErBD-expressing cotton showed higher disease resistance against V. dahliae, with smaller lesion areas (0.07 cm 2 vs. 0.16 cm 2 ) on the leaves and a lower disease index (23.9 vs. 34.5). Overexpression of BbAFP1:: ErBD by transgenic tobacco also showed enhanced disease resistance against V. dahliae compared with that of the wild-type gene. These results indicated that construction of fusion antifungal peptides that target fungal cells is a powerful strategy to obtain new anti-disease genes, and the obtained fusion gene BbAFP1::ErBD has the potential to defend against plant fungal diseases.

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Antibacterial Mechanism of Gloverin2 from Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains

The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains

Antimicrobial Mechanism of pBD2 against Staphylococcus aureus

Ergosterol‐targeting fusion antifungal peptide significantly increases the Verticillium wilt resistance of cotton

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