Antibacterial mechanisms of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.), Chaenomeles superba Lindl. and Cornus mas L. leaf extracts

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, Chaenomeles superba Lindl. and Cornus mas L. Leaf Extracts as Natural Preservatives for Pork Meat Products

“…The leaf extracts decreased the bacterial growth rate (µ max ) and extended the lag phase (t Lag ), indicating a bacteriostatic effect [ 24 ]. In further studies, the leaf extracts showed bactericidal activity and decreased bacteria viability [ 25 ]. Therefore, in the current research, we investigated the application of A. melanocarpa, C. superba, and C. mas leaf extracts as natural preservatives in pork meat products.…”

“…Our previous studies had found that C. mas extract had the strongest antibacterial activity against bacteria strains typical for meat, followed by C. superba and A. melanocarpa [ 24 , 25 ]. However, in the present study, we found that A. melanocarpa increased the shelf life of the meat products the most.…”

“…In addition, C. superba extract was found to contain flavones and flavanones, while ellagitannins and iridoids (non-phenolic antioxidant compounds) were identified in the C. mas extracts. The extracts showed antibacterial activity against meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria [ 24 , 25 ]. We further demonstrated that A. melanocarpa, C. superba, and C. mas leaf extracts possess cytotoxic and genotoxic properties toward the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2, which may indicate anticancer activity [ 26 ].…”

Protein‐based natural antibacterial materials and their applications in food preservation

“…They have been used since ancient times to improve sensory characteristics of food, as preservatives, for their nutritional and healthy properties and also for their antimicrobial effect (Gyawali and Ibrahim, 2014 ). Plant extracts mainly include some alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and quinones, which have been proved to have broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties and do not produce drug resistance (Ahmad Shiekh and Benjakul, 2020 , Wang et al ., 2020 ; Efenberger‐Szmechtyk et al., 2021b , 2021a ; Olatunde et al ., 2021 ).The antibacterial mechanisms of plant extracts are mainly as follows: causing damage to the cell wall of microorganisms, entering into microbial cells to cause cytoplasmic condensation, destroying cell membrane and membrane proteins, etc. (Tian et al ., 2018 ; Efenberger‐Szmechtyk et al., 2021b , 2021a ).…”

“…Plant extracts mainly include some alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and quinones, which have been proved to have broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties and do not produce drug resistance (Ahmad Shiekh and Benjakul, 2020 , Wang et al ., 2020 ; Efenberger‐Szmechtyk et al., 2021b , 2021a ; Olatunde et al ., 2021 ).The antibacterial mechanisms of plant extracts are mainly as follows: causing damage to the cell wall of microorganisms, entering into microbial cells to cause cytoplasmic condensation, destroying cell membrane and membrane proteins, etc. (Tian et al ., 2018 ; Efenberger‐Szmechtyk et al., 2021b , 2021a ). Table 3 summarizes the plant extracts and herbs that have been reported so far, such as curcumin, tea polyphenols, pomegranate and grape seed extracts, and saponins.…”