Antibacterial proteins in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Smith, Valerie J.; Fernandes, Jorge M.O.; Jones, Sarah; Kemp, Graham D.; Tatner, Mary F.

doi:10.1006/fsim.1999.0254

Cited by 80 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1; Ellis, 2001;Jones, 2001;Smith et al, 2000). This immune response can be decreased or inhibited by immunotoxic chemicals or drugs starting with a loss of regulative compensation of affected immune cells or disturbed immune functions.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Natural Resistance or Immunity Against Bacterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)—how can environmental influences be detected?

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In fish, the first line of defense against infectious microorganisms is based on a broad range of nonspecific humoral and cellular immune mechanisms ('innate immunity') which without prior specific activation can act in forming a more static barrier (Fish Shellfish Immunol. 10 (2000) 243; Dev. Comp. Immunol. 25 (2001) 827). This natural resistance is normally effective enough to protect fish from infectious diseases until specific immune responses are being induced ( Fig. 1; Dev. Comp. Immunol. 25 (2001) 841). Healthy fish exhibit both nonspecific and specific immune responses depending directly on environmental temperature. Pollution of the natural aquatic environment with industrial or agricultural sewage is an important immunosuppressing factor resulting in higher susceptibility to infectious diseases. To date, the possible immunotoxicity of a substance is evaluated using quantification of humoral factors like lysozyme, complement, C-reactive protein or total immunoglobulins but less often using functional assays. Furthermore, most of the functional assays (phagocytosis, respiratory burst, proliferative response) are based on the measurement of the response of resting but not of specific activated immune cells. However, the physiological responses of the immune system to an infection are based on a complex, stepwise activation and proliferation, especially of the specific immune functions after first contact to the microorganisms. In this report we describe in vitro methods for the evaluation of cellular immune functions of different leukocyte populations after specific in vivo triggering of the immune system. Parameters to be evaluated are activation and proliferation of leukocyte populations, phagocytosis and respiratory burst, secretion of antigen-specific antibodies and specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, challenge models with bacterial (Aeromonas salmonicida) and viral pathogens (Viral Haemorrhagic Septicemia Virus, VHSV) are presented.

show abstract

Section: Evaluation Of Natural Resistance or Immunity Against Bacterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)—how can environmental influences be detected?

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, the site selection by either intestinal or external parasites (Schabuss et al 1997, Buchmann & Lindenstrom 2002 appears strongly influenced by the chemical coding of mucous cells (either intestine-or skin-localized), whose secreted complex glycoproteins constitute an articulate and dynamic microenvironment. In addition, it appears not devoid of interest that mucous cells of some fish species appear able to synthesize and discharge defensive substances (Smith et al 2000, Nakamura et al 2001, Cho et al 2002, and in this respect it may also be useful to know the morpho-functional variations induced by parasites on fish intestinal mucous cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemistry of glycoconjugates in mucous cells of Salmo trutta uninfected and naturally parasitized with intestinal helminths

Bosi¹,

Arrighi²,

Giancamillo³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mucus secreted onto the surface of the intestine forms a physical barrier to invading parasites so that a possible attachment of helminths to the surface is prevented and their expulsion by peristalsis facilitated. In mammals, intestinal parasites induce hyperplasia and hypertrophy of intestine goblet cells and provoke changes in the mucus composition. In fish, this topic has received less attention. In the present investigation, histochemical methods were employed to compose intestinal mucous cell numbers and their glycoconjugate composition were compared by uninfected brown trout Salmo trutta and in S. trutta parasitized with Cyathocephalus truncatus or Pomphorhynchus laevis. When P. laevis was present in the intestine of the brown trout, the total mucous cell number, and the number of mucous cells containing acid or mixed glycoconjugates were significantly enhanced. No significant change in the total mucous cell number was detected in the intestine of fish parasitized with C. truncatus in comparison with uninfected brown trout. A significant increase was observed in the number of both acid (especially sulphated) and mixed glycoconjugates containing mucous cells as well as a significant decrease in the number of neutral glycoconjugates containing mucous cells. When intestinal helminths were present, the thickness of the adherent mucous gel increased. In a limited number of other fish species, the occurrence of gill and intestinal parasites has been reported to increase the mucosal glycoconjugate secretions. Our study is the first quantitative report on the effects of intestinal helminths on the density of mucous cells and mucus composition in a fish species. KEY WORDS: Glycoconjugates · Mucus composition · Mucous cell number · Intestinal parasites · Brown troutResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

“…In fishes, AMPs usually are associated with peripheral blood leucocytes, mucosal surfaces and head kidney, which represents the primary organ involved in immune function (Robert et al 1999;Smith et al 2000;Sarmento et al 2004). However, up to now, no studies have been conducted in fishes to investigate changes in the expression of genes that encode such immunologically relevant proteins as AMPs.…”

Section: Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis Of Some Genes Invomentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and gene expression analysis in aquaculture science: a review focusing on respiration and immune responses in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Terova

Rimoldi

Parisi

et al. 2012

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although fish farming has been practiced for 4,000 years, aquaculture research dates back only to about 1,870, whereas molecular techniques, in addition to the more traditional methods of biotechnology, were introduced only recently. Contemporary genomic approaches (often adapted from human or medical research) such as cDNA cloning and sequencing, cDNA microarray/expression analysis, and functional genomics, combined with improvements in transgenic technologies, have enhanced possibilities for aquacultural biotechnologists for improving fish growth rates and increasing resistance to pathogens and stressors.Although genomic technologies in fish have been applied primarily to model organisms, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), fugu or pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis), and medaka (Oryzias latipes), many teleosts of interest for biological research and with potential application in aquaculture have unique physiological characteristics that cannot be directly investigated from the study of small laboratory fish models. As a consequence, large-scale genomic research studies are increasingly being applied to farmed species of economic relevance, such as farmed rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, tilapia, catfish, and sea bass. Accordingly, we describe the utilization of molecular cloning and gene expression analysis in cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to generate ''transcriptomefocused'' information which may enable a better understanding of the transcriptional programs that underlie fish respiratory physiology and immune response pathways.

show abstract

Antibacterial proteins in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)—how can environmental influences be detected?

Evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)—how can environmental influences be detected?

Histochemistry of glycoconjugates in mucous cells of Salmo trutta uninfected and naturally parasitized with intestinal helminths

Molecular cloning and gene expression analysis in aquaculture science: a review focusing on respiration and immune responses in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About