Antibacterial Ti–Cu implants: A critical review on mechanisms of action

Bi-functional quercetin/copper nanoparticles integrating bactericidal and anti-quorum sensing properties for preventing the formation of biofilms

“…The Cu 2+ ions exhibit potent antimicrobial activity by obstructing bacterial cell-wall synthesis and disrupting cell membranes. 24,25 This bactericidal mechanism exhibits low propensity for the development of drug resistance. Furthermore, Cu 2+ ions exhibit supplementary biological functionalities, such as the promotion of neovascularization.…”

Recent advances in composite hydrogels: synthesis, classification, and application in the treatment of bone defects

“…The advent of bone tissue engineering has brought about the treatment of bone regeneration at the defective host site, providing an alternative. 8 Bone tissue engineering is built around three key components: [9][10][11] (1) generation of "seed cells" of the target tissue; (2) growth factors that stimulate bone regeneration; (3) 3D scaffolds guiding tissue growth, and osteoblasts producing bone tissue matrix. Growth factors are typically loaded onto scaffolds in various ways, thereby promoting the differentiation of osteoblasts, supporting bone growth, and facilitating bone fusion to form new bone tissue.…”

A Long-Term Study on the Bactericidal Effect of ZrN-Cu Nanostructured Coatings Deposited by an Industrial Physical Vapor Deposition System

“…This is because copper exposure destroys plasmid DNA, which is the main mechanism for bacteria to transfer and acquire resistant genes. Moreover, the rapid bactericidal action of copper does not allow bacteria to multiply and mutate [ 27 ].…”