Antibiotic Activity Assessment of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Urine Samples at Butare University Teaching Hospital (Buth) Laboratory.

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common worldwide and affect all sexes and age groups. An estimated 20% or more of the female population suffers from some form of UTIs in their lifetime. Although antibiotics are the first choice of treatment for many urinary tract infections, antibiotic-resistant strains of bacterial species commonly associated with UTIs, are increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogen antimicrobial sensitivity trends of bacterial pathogens associated with UTIs. A retrospective study was carried out on bacteria isolated from the urine of patients at the BUTH laboratory between January 2006 and December 2010. A total of 1611 pathogens have been found. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (876 strains), Klebsiella Species (190 strains), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (114 strains), Streptococcus species (97 strains), Proteus species (90 strains) and staphylococcus aureus (86 strains). Most of isolates were resistant to aminopenicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin) and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). Strains were rarely resistant to more expensive antibiotics (imipenem and cefotaxime). The most effective antibiotic to almost all isolates was imipenem, which is not commonly used in treatment of UTIs in Rwanda. The rate of amoxicillin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistance to Enterobacteriaceae implies that another antibiotic should be used for empirical treatment and that there is a need for new generic drugs in Rwanda. Imipenem could be included as a reasonable alternative for the therapy of UTIs in Rwanda.

Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review

“…For example a study reporting more than 80% of Proteus isolates ( n = 6) as resistant to imipenem also reported that 80% of them were susceptible to ceftriaxone and 50% were susceptible to vancomycin, a combination that is highly unusual [ 23 ]. There were other unverified reports of highly unusual resistance patterns from some centers, such as penicillin resistant S. pyogenes [ 24 , 25 ] and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella from the Feces of Food Animals in the East Province of Rwanda

“…In Rwanda, the limited data available on AMR are restricted to studies conducted to estimate levels of AMR among bacterial pathogens causing diseases in humans. The reported percentages of pathogens resistant to cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, or gentamycin among patients indicate an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. For example, it was shown that the susceptibility of E. coli to gentamycin, colistin, imipenem, piperacillin, and nalidixic acid was decreasing with time [ 21 ].…”