Antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood overweight and obesity: <scp>A</scp> systematic review and meta‐analysis

Rasmussen, S; Shrestha, Sarita; Bjerregaard, Lise G.; Ängquist, Lars; Baker, Jennifer L.; Jess, Tine; Allin, Kristine H.

doi:10.1111/dom.13230

Cited by 102 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Infants who had 4 or more antibiotic courses by the age of 5 had a 10% increase in the risk of developing obesity . A recent meta‐analysis showed that there is a slightly increased risk of childhood obesity in children exposed to more than one antibiotic within the first 6 months of life . Despite growing evidence on the association between early life antibiotic exposure and childhood obesity, these findings represent association and not causality.…”

Section: Impact Of Early Development On the Naïve Gut Microbiota And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite growing evidence on the association between early life antibiotic exposure and childhood obesity, these findings represent association and not causality. Infants with an increased body weight may be at increased risk of infections, thus prompting greater need for antibiotic treatments . On the other hand, there is little evidence suggesting that antibiotics increase the risk of obesity in adults .…”

Section: Impact Of Early Development On the Naïve Gut Microbiota And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62 A recent meta-analysis showed that there is a slightly increased risk of childhood obesity in children exposed to more than one antibiotic within the first 6 months of life. 85 Despite growing evidence on the association between early life antibiotic exposure and childhood obesity, these findings represent association and not causality. Infants with an increased body weight may be at increased risk of infections, thus prompting greater need for antibiotic treatments.…”

Section: Antibiotic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infants with an increased body weight may be at increased risk of infections, thus prompting greater need for antibiotic treatments. 85 On the other hand, there is little evidence suggesting that antibiotics increase the risk of obesity in adults. 86 Antibiotic use in the past month in adults was associated with increased molecular diversity, which is representative of an increased metabolome, even though αand β-diversity of the gut microbiota decreased compared with that observed in adults who have not used antibiotics in the past year.…”

Section: Antibiotic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Lee

Yacyshyn

2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

113

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Obesity is a global pandemic with immense health consequences for individuals and societies. Multiple factors, including environmental influences and genetic predispositions, are known to affect the development of obesity. Despite an increasing understanding of the factors driving the obesity epidemic, therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse obesity are limited in their impact. Manipulation of the human gut microbiome provides a new potential therapeutic approach in the fight against obesity. Specific gut bacteria and their metabolites are known to affect host metabolism and feeding behaviour, and dysbiosis of this biosystem may lead to metabolic syndrome. Potential therapies to alter the gut microbiota to treat obesity include dietary changes, supplementation of the diet with probiotic organisms and prebiotic compounds that influence bacterial growth, and the use of faecal microbiota transplant, in which gut microbiota from healthy individuals are introduced into the gut. In this review, we examine the growing scientific evidence supporting the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiota may influence carbohydrate metabolism and obesity, and the various possible therapies that may utilize the gut microbiota to help correct metabolic dysfunction.

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Section: Impact Of Early Development On the Naïve Gut Microbiota And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Early Development On the Naïve Gut Microbiota And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibiotic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibiotic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Lee

Yacyshyn

2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Long-term use of antibiotics, especially early in life, has been linked with obesity, allergies, and other chronic disorders [6][7][8][9]. In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), selfreported retrospective history of antibiotic use has been linked to increased risk of colorectal adenoma [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in the Nurses’ Health Study

Palacios

O’Reilly

Schwarzschild

et al. 2020

Parkinson's Disease

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Objective. Antibiotic use is one of the strongest environmental predictors of an altered and less diverse gut microbiome, which has been linked to Parkinson’s disease. To our knowledge, no prior study has examined the association between long-term antibiotic use and Parkinson’s disease. Design. We conducted a prospective study of 59,637 women in the Nurses’ Health Study who reported total duration of antibiotic use at ages 20–39, 40–59, 60 +, or during the past 4 years. We used Cox Proportional Hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between categories of antibiotic use and risk of PD. Results. One hundred and eighty cases of PD were confirmed during the follow-up. Self-reported antibiotic use at ages 20–39, 40–59, and 60 +, as assessed in 2004, was not significantly associated with PD risk in our cohort. The hazard ratio comparing participants who used antibiotics for 2 or more months vs. 1–14 days at age 20–39 was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.78), at age 40–59 was 1.44 (95% CI: 0.88, 2.33), and at age 60 +was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.47). Antibiotic use during the past four years, as assessed in 2008, was also not associated with future risk of PD (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.10). Conclusion. In this cohort study, we did not observe a significant association between antibiotic use and incidence PD. A major limitation of our study is assessment of exposure, which required many participants to recall their antibiotic use decades in the past. Thus, although the results of this study do not support an effect of antibiotic use on PD risk, larger investigations relying on records of antibiotic prescriptions would provide more definitive evidence.

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Associations of Prenatal and Childhood Antibiotic Exposure With Obesity at Age 4 Years

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Although antibiotics are associated with obesity in animal models, the evidence in humans is conflicting. OBJECTIVE To assess whether antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or early childhood is associated with the development of childhood obesity, focusing particularly on siblings and twins. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional national study included 284 211 participants (132 852 mothers and 151 359 children) in New Zealand. Data analyses were performed for 150 699 children for whom data were available, 30 696 siblings, and 4188 twins using covariateadjusted analyses, and for 6249 siblings and 522 twins with discordant outcomes using fixedeffects analyses. Data analysis was performed November 2017 to March 2019. EXPOSURE Exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy and/or early childhood. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome is odds of obesity at age 4 years. Anthropometric data from children born between July 2008 and June 2011 were obtained from the B4 School Check, a national health screening program that records the height and weight of 4-year-old children in New Zealand. These data were linked to antibiotics (pharmaceutical records) dispensed to women before conception and during all 3 trimesters of pregnancy and to their children from birth until age 2 years. RESULTS The overall study population consisted of 132 852 mothers and 151 359 children (77 610 [51.3%] boys) who were aged 4 to 5 years when their anthropometrical measurements were assessed. Antibiotic exposure was common, with at least 1 course dispensed to 35.7% of mothers during pregnancy and 82.3% of children during the first 2 years of life. Results from covariateadjusted analyses showed that both prenatal and early childhood exposures to antibiotics were independently associated with obesity at age 4 years, in a dose-dependent manner. Every additional course of antibiotics dispensed to the mothers yielded an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of obesity in their children (siblings) of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.99-1.06), which was similar to the odds across pregnancy for the whole population (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.07). For the child's exposure, the aOR for the association between antibiotic exposure and obesity was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.05) among siblings and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02-1.09) among twins. However, fixed-effects analyses of siblings and twins showed no associations between antibiotic exposure and obesity, with aORs of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90-1.00) for maternal exposure, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.99-1.04) for child's exposure, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81-1.02) for twins' exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although covariate-adjusted analyses demonstrated an association between antibiotic exposure and odds of obesity, further analyses of siblings and twins (continued) Key Points Question Is antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or during early childhood associated with the development of childhood obesity? Findings This cross-sectional national study of 284 211 participants (132 852 mothers and 151 359 children) in New Zealand found that...

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Antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 102 publications

References 15 publications

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Long-Term Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in the Nurses’ Health Study

Associations of Prenatal and Childhood Antibiotic Exposure With Obesity at Age 4 Years

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