Antibiotic policies in Central Eastern Europe

Čižman, Milan; Beović, Bojana; Krčméry, V.; Baršić, Bruno; Tamm, Eda; Ludwig, Endre; Pelemiš, M.; Karovski, Kliment; Grzesiowski, P.; Gardovska, Dace; Volokha, Alla; Keuleyan, Emma; Stratchounski, L.; Dumitru, Carstina; Titov, Leonid; Usonis, Vytantas; Dvorák, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.016

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Serbia, including Vojvodina region, there is no such systematic monitoring programme and hence no data on antibiotic resistance for animal isolates. Moreover, even data on antimicrobial resistance of human pathogenic E. coli and antibiotic consumption are unavailable or nonexistent [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli of food-producing animals from three Vojvodinian farms, Serbia

Knežević

Petrovic

2008

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli of food-producing animals from three Vojvodinian farms, Serbia

Knežević

Petrovic

2008

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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“…Even in countries with high bacterial resistance, antibiotic prescribing and dispensing are (usually) regulated by appropriate legal means. However, antibiotic utilization in health care, agriculture and farming is usually not appropriately controlled, epidemiological studies are not conducted, and there is no continual education of primary care physicians, pharmacists and veterinarians as well as parents and patients [17,79].…”

Section: Factors Contributing To Bacterial Resistance and Measures Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use as reasons for antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing common childhood infections in primary healthcare

2011

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The most prevalent childhood bacterial infections in primary healthcare are respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections. The main aim of this paper was to consider factors (socio-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use) that contribute to the development of bacterial resistance, as well as measures that resulted in a reduction of this problem. Computerized search through the Medline of published articles on antibiotic resistance from 1996 to 2011 in English or Serbian was completed in August 2011. Combinations of used terms were antimicrobial/antibacterial/antibiotic and resistance/susceptibility in pediatric/children, and Streptococcus pneumoniae/Streptococci/Haemophilus influenzae/Salmonellae/Escherichia coli/Shigella/Staphylococcus aureus as well as antibiotics/antimicrobials/antibacterials and consumption/utilization/use. In many developing countries, antibiotic dispensing and its use in medicine, cattle breeding and agriculture are inadequately regulated, or existing laws are not being appropriately implemented. In addition, human travel contributes to antimicrobial drug resistance around the world. All of these factors have led to a very high level of bacterial resistance. On the contrary, in countries with a clearly defined and implemented legal framework concerning antibiotic prescribing, dispensing and utilization, the use of antibiotics is under constant surveillance. That resulted in a significantly lower antibacterial resistance. In conclusion, bacterial resistance could be reduced by the implementation of systemic and long-term measures at a country level as well as at all levels of healthcare. In order to reduce bacterial resistance, antibiotic use needs to be precisely regulated, and regulations should be coherent with practice. The international community must have a more active role in solving this global problem.

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“…Antibiotic cycling is a strategy that has received interest in recent times. It involves a scheduled rotation of one or different classes of antimicrobial agents with comparable spectra of activity in order to mitigate the effects of selective pressure [120][121][122].…”

Section: Antibiotic Use Policy: Practical Management Of the Problem Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approaches to Combat Drug‐Resistant Bacteria

Ahmad

Zahin

Aqil

et al. 2008

New Strategies Combating Bacterial Infection

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There is an increasing concern that the need for new antibacterial agents is greater than ever because of the emergence of multidrug resistance in common bacterial pathogens and the rapid emergence of new infections. Despite the critical need for new antibacterial agents, development is declining. Therefore, solutions for encouraging and facilitating the development of new agents are needed. It is believed that sustained success in the long-term battle against bacterial pathogens will require new strategies and new chemical scaffolds that target other cellular processes. In recent years, new antibacterial drug targets have been explored and validated. Some of the vulnerable targets are bacterial quorum sensing, interference with virulence and pathogenicity, drug-resistance mechanisms (efflux pump) and targets based on plasmid physiology. It is expected and believed by many workers that unexplored microbial diversity may provide novel and effective antibacterial drugs, if improved screening strategies are attempted and intelligent test systems are applied. This chapter will discuss recent strategies to obtain novel antibacterials from microbial products to combat drug-resistant bacteria. Further, roles of alternative therapy (phage therapy) and antibiotic use policy are discussed as possible ways to minimize the problem of drug resistant bacteria.

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Antibiotic policies in Central Eastern Europe

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli of food-producing animals from three Vojvodinian farms, Serbia

Antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli of food-producing animals from three Vojvodinian farms, Serbia

Social-economic factors and irrational antibiotic use as reasons for antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing common childhood infections in primary healthcare

Novel Approaches to Combat Drug‐Resistant Bacteria

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