Antibiotic resistance among respiratory pathogens in preschool children

Ml, Hammond; Ms, Norriss

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124557.x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1993 ). In Taiwan, Hong Kong, France, Spain, Greece, Australia and Mexico, high resistance to one or several antibiotics in‐ cluding penicillin, chloramphenicol, macrolide, ampicillin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline has been found among respiratory pathogens ( Hammond & Norriss 1995; Sung et al . 1995 ; Gruneberg & Felmingham 1996; Felmingham & Washington 1999; Lin et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic medication and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: a survey of children in a Vietnamese community

Larsson

Kronvall

Chúc

et al. 2000

Tropical Med Int Health

110

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Summaryobjective To investigate antibiotic use and antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in children aged 1-5 years in Bavi, Vietnam.method Nasopharynx and throat specimens were collected from 200 children from randomly selected households in a demographically defined population. Respiratory isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility according to the standard disk diffusion method. A questionnaire survey of carers elicited information on type of antibiotic used, duration of treatment, where the antibiotics had been purchased, type of treatment information retained by carers and episodes of illness preceding the study.results 82% of the children had at least one symptom of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in the 4 weeks prior to the study, and of these 91% were treated with antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics were ampicillin (74%), penicillin (12%), amoxicillin (11%), erythromycin (5%), tetracycline (4%) and streptomycin (2%). Ampicillin was used for 3.3 days on average (SD:1.8) and penicillin for 2.6 days (SD:0.7). When deciding which antibiotic to use, 67% of the carers consulted the pharmacy seller, 11% decided themselves and 22% followed the doctor's prescription. The carrier rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was 50%, 39% and 17%, respectively. Isolates from 145 children were susceptibility tested, and 74% were found to carry resistant pathogens. Of the tested isolates, 90% of S. pneumoniae, 68% of H. influenzae and 74% of M. catarrhalis were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The mean number of antibiotics (susceptible strains excluded) to which resistance was found was 2.0 (SD:1.2), 2.5 (SD:1.8) and 2.1 (SD:0.9), respectively. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae showed high resistance to tetracycline (88% and 32%, respectively), trimethoprim/sulphonamide (32% and 44%), and chloramphenicol (25% and 24%). 23% of S. pneumoniae were erythromycin-resistant and 18% of H. influenzae isolates were resistant to ampicillin. There was a significant difference in ampicillin and penicillin resistance between the group of children previously treated with beta lactam antibiotics and the group of children who did not receive antibiotics.conclusion As reported by the carers, children in Bavi are treated with antibiotics frequently. Most antibiotics were obtained without consulting a doctor. High levels of antibiotic resistance and high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains were found among respiratory pathogens. The existence of a large reservoir of resistance genes among children in low-income countries represents a threat to the success of antibiotic therapy throughout the world. Multi-faceted programmes to improve rational use of antibiotics in Vietnam are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic medication and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: a survey of children in a Vietnamese community

Larsson

Kronvall

Chúc

et al. 2000

Tropical Med Int Health

110

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“…While antibiotic resistance has become a major public health problem, relatively little work has been reported in outpatient settings to ascertain the level of antibiotic resistance to pneumococci among Australian children 17 . This study was conducted in general practice settings to determine the rate of pneumococcal colonization, the pattern of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci and the relationship of resistance to antibiotic use in children.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children

Nasrin

Collignon

Wilson

et al. 1999

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…7 The only other recent study reporting rates of SP carriage and resistance found penicillin resistance in 4% of isolates from nasal discharge swabs of children with rhinorrhoea in day care centres in Sydney and Melbourne. 29 Our results indicate that either (i) there have been dramatic increases in rates of resistance over the last 2 years, or (ii) there are very large regional differences in rates of carriage of resistant SP in Australia. Since a survey of Aboriginal children living in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory documented rates of carriage of PRSP of 26% in 1981, 30 we believe the second explanation to be the more likely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%