Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Nosocomial Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii in Kazakhstan

Lavrinenko, Alyona; Sheck, Eugene; Kolesnichenko, Svetlana; Azizov, Ilya; Turmukhambetova, Anar

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10040382

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…According to the WHO, prevention and management of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogens is considered as a high priority health threat globally, including in Kazakhstan (Lavrinenko et al, 2021). At the time of the survey, there was no national guidance on the use of antibiotics in healthcare practices in Kazakhstan, and facilities are expected to develop their own guidelines (Zhussupova et al, 2020) This study has several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programs at the Facility Level in Kazakhstan: Key Challenges and Opportunities

Deryabina

Aypkhanova²,

Juvashev

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Kazakhstan is developing a National Roadmap to strengthen its Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), but until recently has lacked a country-wide facility-level assessment of IPC performance gaps. Methods: In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO)’s IPC Core Components and Minimal Requirements were assessed at 78 randomly selected hospitals across 17 administrative regions using adapted WHO tools. The study included site assessments, followed by structured interviews with 320 hospital staff, validation observations of IPC practices, and document reviews.Results: All hospitals had at least one dedicated IPC staff member, 76% had IPC staff with any formal IPC training; 95% established an IPC committee and 54% had an annual IPC workplan; 92% had any IPC guidelines; 55% conducted any IPC monitoring in the past 12 months and shared the results with facility staff, but only 9% used monitoring data for improvements; 93% had access to a microbiological laboratory for HAI surveillance, but HAI surveillance with standardized definitions and systematic data collection was conducted in only one hospital. Adequate bed spacing of at least 1m in all wards was maintained in 35% of hospitals; soap and paper towels were available at the hand hygiene stations in 62% and 38% of hospitals, respectively.Conclusions: Among the recommended WHO IPC core components, existing programs, infrastructure, IPC staffing, workload and supplies present within hospitals in Kazakhstan allow for implementation of effective IPC. Development and dissemination of IPC guidelines, implementation of an effective IPC training system and systematic monitoring of IPC practices will be important first steps towards implementing targeted IPC improvement plans in facilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programs at the Facility Level in Kazakhstan: Key Challenges and Opportunities

Deryabina

Aypkhanova²,

Juvashev

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…It is, however, important to note that this challenge is also not unique to Kazakhstan, as non-ventilator associated pneumonia is not tracked, reported, or actively prevented by many hospitals around the world [ 43 ]. According to the WHO, prevention and management of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative pathogens is considered as a high priority health threat globally, including in Kazakhstan [ 14 ]. At the time of the survey, there was no national guidance on the use of antibiotics in healthcare practices in Kazakhstan, and facilities are expected to develop their own guidelines [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2022, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Kazakhstan will conduct the first-ever point-prevalence survey of HAIs. While data on HAIs in Kazakhstan published in international journals are scarce, several studies suggest transmission of HAIs in hospitals is an important problem [ 9 – 14 ]. In 2006, Kazakhstan experienced a transfusion-related HIV outbreak among children [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core components of infection prevention and control programs at the facility level in Kazakhstan: key challenges and opportunities

Deryabina¹,

Aiypkhanova

Juvashev³

et al. 2023

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Kazakhstan is developing a National Roadmap to strengthen its Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), but until recently has lacked a country-wide facility-level assessment of IPC performance gaps. Methods In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO)’s IPC Core Components and Minimal Requirements were assessed at 78 randomly selected hospitals across 17 administrative regions using adapted WHO tools. The study included site assessments, followed by structured interviews with 320 hospital staff, validation observations of IPC practices, and document reviews. Results All hospitals had at least one dedicated IPC staff member, 76% had IPC staff with any formal IPC training; 95% established an IPC committee and 54% had an annual IPC workplan; 92% had any IPC guidelines; 55% conducted any IPC monitoring in the past 12 months and shared the results with facility staff, but only 9% used monitoring data for improvements; 93% had access to a microbiological laboratory for HAI surveillance, but HAI surveillance with standardized definitions and systematic data collection was conducted in only one hospital. Adequate bed spacing of at least 1 m in all wards was maintained in 35% of hospitals; soap and paper towels were available at the hand hygiene stations in 62% and 38% of hospitals, respectively. Conclusions Existing IPC programs, infrastructure, IPC staffing, workload and supplies present within hospitals in Kazakhstan allow for implementation of effective IPC. Development and dissemination of IPC guidelines based on the recommended WHO IPC core components, improved IPC training system, and implementation of systematic monitoring of IPC practices will be important first steps towards implementing targeted IPC improvement plans in facilities.

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“…Medical professionals (MPs) working in the ICU are expected to play an important role in the prevention of VAP by following protocols. 21 Awareness of this protocol by healthcare providers are effective in the prevention of VAP and could reduce its incidence significantly. 22–24 Some researchers showed the importance of nurses’ level of knowledge regarding specific preventive measures of VAP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Assessment of Medical Professionals in Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units

Jalal¹,

Rajeh²,

Al-Abdulwahed³

2022

IJGM

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Purpose Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common infections in intensive care units (ICU) with a 6–52% incidence. The VAP mortality rate is 50% to 70%. Medical professionals (MPs) working in the ICU are expected to follow the guidelines to prevent VAP. The study aimed to assess the performance of MPs in preventing VAP and to associate the performance with the baseline information. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICUs of selected hospitals in eastern Saudi Arabia. A total of 152 MPs were selected by random sampling. A structured questionnaire including baseline information, knowledge and performance-related questions was used to collect the data. Frequency, mean, and chi-square tests were used for analysis. Results Out of 152 MPs, 40.8% had adequate and 7.9% had inadequate knowledge. A high mean score of 12.9 ± 2.2 was obtained by physicians, followed by 11.3 ± 1.6 by nurses, 9.8 ± 2.2 by RTs, and 8.6 ± 2.1 by interns. Overall, 52.6% had satisfactory performance. Approximately 57.9% and 67.8% of MPs cleaned their hands before touching the patient and the ventilator, respectively. Many (79.6%) MPs used personal protective equipment in the ICU. Some (47.4%) of the MPs changed the patient’s position regularly. About 77.6% of MPs followed the sterile technique when suctioning the airway. There was a significant association found between the performance of MPs on the prevention of VAP with age ( p < 0.001), designation ( p < 0.05), professional experience ( p < 0.05), managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease conditions ( p < 0.05) and training attended ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Although some of the MPs had satisfactory performance regarding VAP prevention in the ICU, more attention should be paid to training them on clinical guidelines to improve health care quality and reduce the rate of VAP.

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Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Nosocomial Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii in Kazakhstan

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programs at the Facility Level in Kazakhstan: Key Challenges and Opportunities

Core Components of Infection Prevention and Control Programs at the Facility Level in Kazakhstan: Key Challenges and Opportunities

Core components of infection prevention and control programs at the facility level in Kazakhstan: key challenges and opportunities

Performance Assessment of Medical Professionals in Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units

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