Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from the Internal Organs of Edible Snow Crabs

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance and microbiota within edible snow crabs are important for the Chionoecetes (snow crab) fishing industry. We investigated these parameters using culture methods and antibiotic susceptibility tests with six internal organs from three species of Chionoecetes. Each sample revealed many unexpected microbial species within Chionoecetes internal organs. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 381 isolates, the most abundant genera identified in Chionoecetes opilio were Acinetobacter spp. (24%), Bacillus spp. (4%), Pseudomonas spp. (34%), Stenotrophomonas spp. (28%), and Agreia spp. (11%). In Chionoecetes sp. crabs, Acinetobacter spp. (23%), Bacillus spp. (12%), and Psychrobacter spp. (20%) were most prevalent, while Agreia spp. (11%), Bacillus spp. (31%), Microbacterium spp. (10%), Rhodococcus spp. (12%), and Agrococcus spp. (6%) were most abundant in C. japonicus. Our antibiotic resistance test found resistance to all nine antibiotics tested in 19, 14, and two of the isolates from C. opilio, Chionoecetes sp., and, C. japonicus respectively. Our results are the first to show that microbes with antibiotic resistance are widely distributed throughout the internal organs of natural snow crabs.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail shrimps in Malaysia

“…Isolates that showed an antimicrobial resistance phenotype were screened for the presence of genes coding for resistance determinants. The genes associated with resistance to B-lactams ( blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA ), tetracyclines ( tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG ), chloramphenicols ( catA1, catA2, catA3, catB3 ), and kanamycin ( aphA-3 ) were analyzed by PCR ( Kim et al, 2013 ). PCR primers for each antibiotic gene were performed in a final volume of 20 μL, containing 2 μL of DNA template, 10 μL of 2x Taq PLUS PCR Smart mix 1 (SolGent TM , Korea), 6 μL of sterile distilled water and 1 μL of each primer.…”

“…There are numerous antibiotic resistant genes can be found in bacteria and environments. For example, β-lactam and penicillin resistant genes penA and blaTEM-1 ( Srinivasan et al, 2005 ; Zhang et al, 2009 ), chloramphenicol resistant genes cat I, cat II, cat III, cat IV, and floR ( Dang et al, 2007 , 2008 ), tetracycline resistant genes tatA, tatB, tatC, tatD, tatE, tatG, tatH, tatJ, tatY, tatZ , and many more ( Macauley et al, 2007 ; Zhang et al, 2009 ; Kim et al, 2013 ). These antibiotic resistant genes can be transfer among different bacteria via conjugation, transduction, or transformation ( Manjusha and Sarita, 2011 ).…”

Antibiotic Multiresistance Analysis of Mesophilic and Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Goat and Lamb Slaughterhouse Surfaces throughout the Meat Production Process

“…Concerning chloramphenicol, catA2 and catB3 resistance genes prevalent in psychrotrophic and mesophilic pseudomonads, respectively, are widespread in many bacteria (44), suggesting that the observed acquired resistance was due to horizontal gene transfer. On the other hand, the acquisition of the sulfamethoxazole (sulII) resistance gene, which is found predominantly on plasmids and associated with class 1 integrons (72,73), via horizontal gene transfer by pseudomonads was reported in enteric bacteria isolated from healthy food animals and humans (74,75), with sulII being the most prevalent gene in the absence of clinical selection pressure (76).…”

“…The microbiological breakpoints of most antibiotics tested were those defined by CLSI (35). Concerning betalactams (amoxicillin and ampicillin), kanamycin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim, we used the microbiological breakpoint proposed by CLSI (35) (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) and using primers listed in Table S1 in the supplemental material. Efflux pumps mediating multiple antibiotic resistance also were included in this study (see Table S1), such as AcrA, AcrB, TolC, MexAB, MexCD, and MexXY (51,52).…”

Characterization of Drug Resistant Bacteria, Conjugal Transfer Efficiency and their Growth Kinetics Against Cassia Plants Leaf Extract

“…Mostly, antibiotics resistance bacteria are found in soil sample of clinical and other hospital areas (Montelli and Levy, 1991). Many researchers have isolated and characterized the multiple drug resistance bacteria from different sources like edible snow crab (Kim et al, 2013), retail ground meat (White et al, 2001) and waste water (Pandey et al, 2011). In a similar study carried out by Chapin et al (2005), reported the existence of multidrug resistant bacteria in swine feeding materials.…”