Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Smallholder Poultry Droppings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria

Abstract

There is a growing risk of antibiotic resistance (AR) in smallholder poultry (SP). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate AR pattern of bacterial isolates from SP in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. A total of 120 fresh poultry droppings were aseptically collected, randomly, from two tropically adapted (FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler) and local chickens. The chickens were raised either using ethnoveterinary medicines (n = 60) or antibiotics (n = 60). Bacterial isolates were characterized and analyzed using standard protocols, and appropriate statistical tools. Compared to Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (5.8%), Salmonella spp. (57.5%) and Escherichia coli (34.2%) were the most prevalent (χ2 = 96.67; p < 0.001). Prevalence of bacterial species was significantly (p = 0.024; Odds Ratio = 2.552) influenced by antibiotics usage. All four species were multi-drug resistant. In total, 30% of the isolates had a multiple AR index ≥ 0.2. Bacterial isolates from FUNAAB Alpha (58.0%) and Noiler (44.0%) were highly resistant to quinolones, while isolates from the local chickens (22.6%) were most resistant to aminoglycosides. Bacterial species isolated from FUNAAB Alpha and local chickens exhibited the lowest and highest percentage of AR, respectively. Clustering of isolates with similar antibiogram revealed inter-species dependence with possibility for inter-species gene transfer. These findings provide a background to investigate the metagenomics of local and improved chickens for AR.

Identification and characterization of MDR virulent Salmonella spp isolated from smallholder poultry production environment in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria

“…The isolates revealed intermediate resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which is in line with the findings of Beshiru et al [25] and Igbinosa [42]. Interestingly, few Salmonella serovars from our study were resistant to gentamicin, similar to the previous study [16]. This is interesting because gentamicin antibiotics in Nigeria are not sold as oral drugs but administered as injections.…”

“…Growth promoters in animal feeds and inappropriate use of antibiotics for therapeutics and prophylactics resulted in resistance among Salmonella strains [15]. High antimicrobial usage, including the highest priority critically important antimicrobials, has been observed at poultry farms in Nigeria [16]. The high levels of resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin in Salmonella serovars correlated to the high farm-level usage of these antimicrobials there was a strong correlation between the number of antimicrobials used and resistance of isolates to the same antimicrobials [17].…”

Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study

“…Disease prevention in poultry is imperative for survival of the birds ( Sargeant et al, 2019 ; Aboah and Enahoro, 2022 ), while intensifying the small-scale systems ( Wilson et al, 2022 ). However, the abuse of antibiotics is of public health concerns, as it can lead to the multiplication of bacteria that are antibiotic resistant ( Hafez, and Attia, 2020 ; Bamidele and Amole., 2021 ; 2022b ; Zalewska et al, 2021 ). There was differential response of the sexes of the chickens in the different agro-ecologies to the use of antibiotics.…”

A Contamination Predictive Model for Escherichia coli in Rural Communities Dug Shallow Wells

“…In this way, special attention should be paid to raising these birds without proper management, especially when the water destination from DSW is for human consumption. The presence of microorganisms in chicken feces is a reality, and this is the main reason it is reported in the literature [49][50][51], however, its relationship with water contamination presence is little studied, even though the presence of these birds released in the backyard, or in confinement, is common.…”