Identification and characterization of MDR virulent Salmonella spp isolated from smallholder poultry production environment in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonella is responsible for some foodborne disease cases worldwide. It is mainly transmitted to humans through foods of animal origin through the consumption of poultry products. The increased international trade and the ease of transboundary movement could propel outbreaks of local origin to translate into severe global threats. The present study aimed to characterize Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry farms in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria. A total of 150 samples (faecal, water and feed) were collected from ten poultry farms between January and August 2020 and analyzed for Salmonella characterization using standard bacteriological and molecular methods. Salmonella serovars identified include: Salmonella Enteritidis [n = 17 (39.5%)], Salmonella Typhimurium [n = 13 (30.2%)] and other Salmonella serovars [n = 13 (30.2%)]. All Salmonella serovars were cefotaxime and ampicillin resistant. The presence of the invA gene ranged from 9(69.2%) to 15(88.2%). The spvC gene ranged from 2(14.4%) to 10(58.8%). All Salmonella serovars had sdiA gene. The Salmonella isolates produced some extracellular virulence factors (such as protease, lipase, β-hemolytic activity, and gelatinase), while 13(30.2%) of the overall isolates formed strong biofilms. In conclusion, the detection of multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars in faecal sources, which also exhibited virulence determinants, constituted a public health risk as these faecal samples have the potential as manure in the growing of crops. These pathogens can be transmitted to humans nearby and through poultry products, resulting in difficult-to-treat infections and economic loss.

Prevalence, multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in retail poultry meat from Edo, Nigeria

“…The indiscriminate use of these antibiotics in food animal production is a cause for concern culminating in the upsurge of MDR S. aureus (Beshiru et al, 2016;Imanah et al, 2017;El-Ashker et al, 2020;Beshiru et al, 2021). The low levels of biosecurity practices compliance and poor husbandry practices promote indiscriminate use and overdependence of these antibiotics in water and feed as growth promoters and for prophylaxis purposes in poultry farms in Nigeria (Oviasogie et al, 2016;Igbinosa et al, 2021b;Igbinosa et al, 2023).…”

Multidrug-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from farm produce and agricultural environments in Edo State, Nigeria

“…Isolates were classified as showing a resistant, intermediate or susceptible phenotype according to CLSI standards [36]. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was determined to be the total number of antimicrobials the organism is resistant to divided by the total number of antimicrobials the organism was subjected to [38]. were PCR amplified using conditions as described previously [39].…”

Chromogenic Agar Assisted Screening of Pathogenic Bacteria from Butcher shops Wastewater Effluent and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling

“…The bacterial isolates were then sub-cultured onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, which were again incubated for 24 to 48 hours at 37°C. The Vitek 2 system was used to determine the biochemical features and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacterial strains [17].…”