Antibiotic Resistance, Part 1: Gram-positive Pathogens

Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Cytotoxic Activities

“…These differences may be attributed to the fact that the antibiotic-resistant bacteria have acquired complex resistance mechanisms to survive in the presence of the antimicrobial molecules, rendering the antibacterial agents inactive. Indeed, bacterial pathogens have developed strategies for antibacterial resistance by chemical alteration and destruction of antibacterial molecules, decrease in their penetration, extrusion of the antibacterial compound, and interference in their access to target sites [30,31]. In addition, they are able to synthesize a protective polysaccharide layer on their surface, known as a bacterial biofilm [32].…”

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantification of tigecycline in rat brain tissues

“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a current disturbing global trend that occurs when microorganisms become resistant to an antimicrobial agent that was originally effective against them. Resistant microorganisms, such as fungi, viruses, bacteria and most parasites, are able to survive routine antimicrobial therapies, such as common antivirals, antibiotics, antimalarials and antifungals, such that ordinary medicines become fruitless and infections spread, increasing the risk of an uncontrollable spread of infection (Oliphant and Eroschenko, , Oliphant and Eroschenko, ). The misuse of antimicrobial medicines accelerates the natural evolution of resistant strains and encourages the spread of AMR.…”

Combating antibiotic resistance, mitigating future threats and ongoing initiatives

“…). Pharmaceutical companies are challenged to develop antibiotic treatments that are typically used as short‐term therapies, rather than more profitable drugs to treat chronic diseases (Oliphant & Eroschenko ,b, part 1). The development of resistance to a new antibiotic limits its use, and pharmaceutical companies’ profits decrease.…”

“…Common infections consist of pathogenic bacteria resistant to most commonly prescribed, current antibiotics and death is possible from infections that were previously treated with ordinary antimicrobials (Nathan & Carr ). While AR results from a confluence of factors, the single most significant factor is antibiotic use (Oliphant & Eroschenko , part 1). Jones et al .…”