Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Yanestria SM, Dameanti FNAEP, Musayannah BG, Pratama JWA, Witaningrum AM, Effendi MH, Ugbo EN. 2022. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4460-4465. Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria that can be used as an indicator of environmental pollution. This bacterium has the ability to become an antimicrobial-resistant bacterium that impacts public health. The antimicrobial ability can develop into a bacterium that produces extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL). The purpose of this study was to reveal the occurrence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli from a broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district and to describe the phenotypic pattern of E. coli producing ESBL that has been detected. A total of 175 samples were used in this study consisting of 115 samples of coop swabs and 65 samples of wastewater around the farm. The samples were isolated and identified to find E. coli by using different culture media viz. McConkey agar (MCA), eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA), Gram staining, indole test, methyl red Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), citrate, and triple sugar iron agar (TSIA). Detection of ESBL using the double disc synergy test (DDST) according to standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute procedures and the VITEK®2 compact apparatus. The results of ESBL confirmation with DDST and VITEK®2 showed that 16 (9.14%) of the 175 environmental samples confirmed E. coli produced ESBL. The results of the VITEK®2 test also produced a phenotypic pattern of resistance properties of ESBL-producing E. coli and found 12 types of resistance patterns. The combination of “AM AMP ATM KZ CTX CRO CIP” and “AM AMP ATM KZ CTX CRO GM CIP SXT” are the 2 most common resistance patterns (18.75%), while the other 10 resistance patterns occur at the same level (6.25%). The data presented here confirmed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the farm environment, which can contribute to the dissemination of MDR bacteria in the environment if not monitored. Therefore, the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Pasuruan is worrisome since it can lead to an impact on human health.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from local and broiler chickens at Cibinong market, West Java, Indonesia

“…According to a study conducted by Lukman et al [31], ESBL-producing E. coli was present in broiler feces in Bogor, Indonesia, which was related to the findings in this study. The results of this study are in accordance with several studies in Indonesia which reported that the ESBL-producing E. coli were identified from feces of broilers in Bogor reached 25% [32]; cloacal swabs of broilers from wet markets in Surabaya [23]; cloacal swab of layers in Blitar reached 7.03% [28]; swab cages and wastewater around broiler farm in Pasuruan 9.14% [33]; samples of chicken meat sold at Purwokerto's market reached 7.14% [34]; from environmental samples of dairy farms in Yogyakarta, Probolinggo, and East Java [35][36][37]; and from companion dogs in Surabaya reached 9.41% [38]. These findings were also similar to those reported by Lemlem et al [24], who detected blaCTX-M and blaTEM from broilers in Malaysia.…”

First report of phenotypic and genotypic (blaOXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from broilers in Indonesia

“…Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria can be generated by antibiotic overuse by humans, antibiotic use in animal feed or veterinary treatment, and increased industrial waste in the environment [ 26 , 32 , 42 ]. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has evolved in a variety of ways; in most situations, bacteria exposed to antibiotics discover ways to avoid or resist antimicrobial agents [ 31 , 40 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Potential hazards of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia

“…The presence of E. coli in wastewater, especially strain enteropathogenic and toxigenic properties, cause gastrointestinal disorders in public health problems (Jang et al 2017). In other research by Yanestria et al (2022) on wastewater from broiler farm environments were 41 samples (64.62%) positive E. coli isolates and 24 samples (36.92%) positive E. coli with the ability resistant to 3 more antibiotics. Support research on several samples from dairy farm environments by Maulana et al (2020) identified 127 samples (22.75%) of positive E. coli isolates, including 15 (16%) from 93 wastewater samples that were resistant to 3 more antibiotics.…”