Antibiotic sensitivity and mutation rates to antibiotic resistance in<i>Mycoplasma mycoides</i>ssp.<i>mycoides</i>

Lee, D. H.; Milès, Roger; Inal, Jameel M.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800062129

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is possible that further passages might have increased the resistance but this is considered unlikely in the light of other workers' results. Similar results were obtained by Hannan et al (1997) with M. hyopneumoniae and by Lee et al (1987) with M. mycoides. Osborn et al (1960) reported that strains less sensitive to tetracycline appeared only after prolonged treatment (5 months) of chickens with a very high dosage in the feed (1000 g/ton).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Development of antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma gallisepticum in vitro

Zanella

Martino²,

Pratelli

et al. 1998

Avian Pathology

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The results of in vitro tests for induction of antibiotic resistance in some strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum are reported. The number of passages required to induce resistance varied considerably between different antibiotics. In two groups of tests, with different strains of M. gallisepticum, resistance ( 1 mg/ml) to streptomycin appeared after two to three passages, to erythromycin and spiramycin after five to eight passages, to tylosin after nine to eleven and to enrofloxacin after eight to ten passages. With chlortetracycline the increase in resistance was very low (no more than ten times the starting minimal inhibitory concentration). Cross-sensitivity tests using strains with induced resistance to the different antibiotics demonstrated that those which were resistant to tylosin were also resistant to other macrolides ( > 1 mg/ml), whereas strains made resistant to erythromycin and spiramycin appeared only less sensitive (2 to 200 μg/ml) to tylosin in comparison with the original strains. Streptomycin, chlortetracycline and enrofloxacin induced very little or no cross-resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Development of antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma gallisepticum in vitro

Zanella

Martino²,

Pratelli

et al. 1998

Avian Pathology

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“…Finally, whole-genome sequencing revealed only one new mutation in the genomes of these transplants relative to the genome sequence determined with a population of cells before cloning and genome transfer into yeast. This frequency is consistent with the mutation rate of Mycoplasma 20 . Therefore, it is likely that no mutation in these genomes is attributed to our transfer procedure ( Supplementary Note 1 ).…”

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confidence: 87%

Direct transfer of whole genomes from bacteria to yeast

et al. 2013

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Transfer of genomes into yeast facilitates genome engineering for genetically intractable organisms, but this process has been hampered by the need for cumbersome isolation of intact genomes before transfer. Here we demonstrate direct cell-to-cell transfer of bacterial genomes as large as 1.8 megabases (mb) into yeast under conditions that promote cell fusion. Moreover, we discovered that removal of restriction endonucleases from donor bacteria resulted in the enhancement of genome transfer.

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“…In bacteria, mutation rate has been estimated for decades in vitro by detecting phenotypic traits that depend on SNPs, such as antibiotic resistance. The in vitro mutation rate for mycoplasmas is similar to that of other bacteria [33]. This finding is surprising since mycoplasmas lack the methylation-mediated DNA repair system commonly found in other bacteria whose genome has not been drastically reduced in size.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Evolutionary History of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Using Next Generation Sequencing of Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides “Small Colony”

et al. 2012

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Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides “Small Colony” (MmmSC) is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in bovidae, a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Although its origin is not documented, the disease was known in Europe in 1773. It reached nearly world-wide distribution in the 19th century through the cattle trade and was eradicated from most continents by stamping-out policies. During the 20th century it persisted in Africa, and it reappeared sporadically in Southern Europe. Yet, classical epidemiology studies failed to explain the re-occurrence of the disease in Europe in the 1990s. The objectives of this study were to obtain a precise phylogeny of this pathogen, reconstruct its evolutionary history, estimate the date of its emergence, and determine the origin of the most recent European outbreaks. A large-scale genomic approach based on next-generation sequencing technologies was applied to construct a robust phylogeny of this extremely monomorphic pathogen by using 20 representative strains of various geographical origins. Sixty two polymorphic genes of the MmmSC core genome were selected, representing 83601 bp in total and resulting in 139 SNPs within the 20 strains. A robust phylogeny was obtained that identified a lineage specific to European strains; African strains were scattered in various branches. Bayesian analysis allowed dating the most recent common ancestor for MmmSC around 1700. The strains circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa today, however, were shown to descend from a strain that existed around 1810. MmmSC emerged recently, about 300 years ago, and was most probably exported from Europe to other continents, including Africa, during the 19th century. Its diversity is now greater in Africa, where CBPP is enzootic, than in Europe, where outbreaks occurred sporadically until 1999 and where CBPP may now be considered eradicated unless MmmSC remains undetected.

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Antibiotic sensitivity and mutation rates to antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma mycoidesssp.mycoides

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Development of antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma gallisepticum in vitro

Development of antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma gallisepticum in vitro

Direct transfer of whole genomes from bacteria to yeast

Evolutionary History of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Using Next Generation Sequencing of Mycoplasma mycoides Subsp. mycoides “Small Colony”

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