Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A with special reference to quinolone resistance

Rudresh, Shoorashetty Manohar; Nagarathnamma, T

doi:10.4103/2394-6555.162448

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…A notable decline in MDR strains has been reported by Singhal et al11 in a 12-year study from Chandigarh in North India. Our observation of reemergence of susceptibility to chloramphenicol is comparable with studies by other Indian workers 7,11,13,14…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica: a 2-year study from Kerala, South India

Harichandran

Dinesh

2017

IDR

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Background/purposeTyphoid and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death in parts of Asia, being associated with poor sanitation and consumption of unsafe food and water. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged to traditional first-line drugs, namely, the fluoroquinolones, as well as to third-generation cephalosporins, posing challenges to treatment. Azithromycin has proven to be an effective alternative for treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, clinical outcome and serotype distribution pattern of clinical isolates belonging to Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica.MethodologyAll clinical isolates of S. enterica obtained from blood, sterile body fluids, as well as stool and urine samples at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kerala, India, between August 2011 and July 2013 were included in the study and processed based on standard microbiology protocols.ResultsA total of 118 isolates of Salmonella were obtained during the study period. Out of these, 79 were of S. Typhi (66.95%), followed by isolates of S. Paratyphi A (22; 18.64%) and S. Typhimurium 12 (10.17%). Five isolates could not be identified further. There was 100% susceptibility to ceftriaxone in all S. enterica subspecies. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility was 32.91% for S. Typhi and 40.90% for S. Paratyphi A as determined by the disk diffusion method. The susceptibility profile of S. Typhi isolates to different antimicrobials was as follows: chloramphenicol (94.93%), ampicillin (77.21%), cotrimoxazole (75.94%) and azithromycin (78.48%). For S. Typhi, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin required to inhibit the growth of 50% of organisms was 0.5 μg/mL (intermediate) and MIC required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms was 1 μg/mL (resistant). S. Typhimurium was 100% susceptible to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin and azithromycin. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was 66.66%. Patients from whom S. Typhimurium was isolated had comorbidities with documented risk. Of the 118 patients, 3 expired. Two had typhoid fever and were in sepsis at admission. One had S. Typhimurium and was suffering from multiple myeloma.ConclusionS. Typhi was the predominant isolate. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Chloramphenicol susceptibility was >90%. No multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin for S. Typhi was 33%. Recovery rate was 97%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica: a 2-year study from Kerala, South India

Harichandran

Dinesh

2017

IDR

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“…30% S. typhi isolates were resistant to NAR and showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. This finding is most likely due to decreased prescribing of traditional antimicrobial agents, and an increasing reliance on ciprofloxacin as the first line treatment for S. typhi in Gulbarga, which is in accordance with Rudresh et al [8]. All environment samples are susceptible to all antibiotic used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever (MDRTF) is defined as typhoid fever caused by S. typhi strains which are resistant to all the three first-line recommended drugs for treatment, i.e., chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) [6]. However, this switch to ciprofloxacin has led to a subsequent increase in the occurrence of S. typhi isolates resistant to this antimicrobial agent across the globe, including in India [7] [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Other Antimicrobials in Culture-Positive Salmonella typhi Isolates in Gulbarga, South India

Nagshetty¹,

Manjula²,

Math³

et al. 2021

AiM

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“…In S. Typhi, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile seen for different antimicrobials were, ampicillin (62-97%; IQR: 85-95), co-trimoxazole (73-98%; IQR: 82-97), chloramphenicol (78-98%; IQR: 90-97), nalidixic acid (0-24%; IQR: 0-19), ciprofloxacin (0-81%; IQR: 2-71), ceftriaxone (64-100%; IQR: 81-100), cefixime (98-100%) and azithromycin (52-97%; IQR: 72-94). For S. Paratyphi A, antimicrobial susceptibility profile reported ampicillin (71-100%; IQR: 84-100), co-trimoxazole (71-100%; IQR: 92-100), chloramphenicol (73-100%; IQR: 87-100), nalidixic acid (0-6%; IQR: 0-4), ciprofloxacin (0-80%; IQR: 2-54), ceftriaxone (46-100%; IQR: 71-100) and azithromycin (50-100%)737475767778798081 (CMC, unpublished data).…”

Section: Typhoidal and Non-typhoidal Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile & resistance mechanisms of Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) priority pathogens from India

Veeraraghavan¹,

Walia²

2019

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern globally. Infections due to drug-resistant pathogens are becoming difficult and a challenge to treat. As treatment choices are limited due to the high-drug resistance rates, there is an increase in the health care cost, duration of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the true burden of antimicrobial resistance for a geographical location is important to guide effective empirical therapy. To have a national data, it is imperative to have a systemic data capturing across the country through surveillance studies. Very few surveillance studies have been conducted in India to generate national data on antimicrobial resistance. This review aims to report the cumulative antibiogram and the resistance mechanisms of Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) priority pathogens from India.

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Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A with special reference to quinolone resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies <em>enterica</em>: a 2-year study from Kerala, South India

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies <em>enterica</em>: a 2-year study from Kerala, South India

Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Other Antimicrobials in Culture-Positive <i>Salmonella typhi</i> Isolates in Gulbarga, South India

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile & resistance mechanisms of Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) priority pathogens from India

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Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A with special reference to quinolone resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies <em>enterica</em>: a 2-year study from Kerala, South India

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies <em>enterica</em>: a 2-year study from Kerala, South India

Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Other Antimicrobials in Culture-Positive &lt;i&gt;Salmonella typhi&lt;/i&gt; Isolates in Gulbarga, South India

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile & resistance mechanisms of Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) priority pathogens from India

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Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Other Antimicrobials in Culture-Positive <i>Salmonella typhi</i> Isolates in Gulbarga, South India