Antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis in children in developing countries

Fuller, David; Duke, Trevor; Shann, Frank; Curtis, Nigel

doi:10.1179/027249303225007752

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In our study, no N. meningitidis isolate was detected, based on bacterial culture and PCR. In contrast to our results, N. meningitidis was detected among infants and children in other regions of Iran (three cases in Tabriz [8] and three cases in Tehran [12]). On the other hand, N. meningitis was the most common cause of BM among Turkish children in their first five years of life, especially in infants aged zero through six months under five years old [9].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of BM among infants and children in other regions of Iran was variable. For example, the prevalence was 6.8% in Tabriz [8] and 2.9% in Tehran [11]. The different rates in our study were reported in different countries such as Turkey (44.4%) [9], Papua New Guinea (19.9%) [23], Nepal (7.2%) [7], and Brazil (17.7%) [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…A CSF culture is the reference method for a diagnosis of BM, and it is especially essential for determining antimicrobial susceptibility [8]. The main limitations of a bacterial culture are that it requires at least 2 days to allow the bacteria to grow and it has a low sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in CSF specimens of children suspicious of Meningitis in Ahvaz, Iran

Amin

Ghaderpanah

Navidifar

2016

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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Meningitis is a life-threatening infection associated with a high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most prevalent infectious agents that cause bacterial meningitis (BM). The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of these three bacteria using bacterial cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In our cross-sectional study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were obtained from 196 patients who were suspected of having BM and referred to the pediatric ward of Abuzar Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran). The samples were monitored by gram stain, cultures, and the PCR method. The patients' age mean was 23 ± 0.56 months. The 196 patients comprised 92 (46.9%) boys and 104 (53.06%) girls. Based on bacterial cultures, just three isolates of H. influenzae were detected. However, PCR detected this bacterium in eight patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected in five (2.5%) patients by the amplification of the lytA gene and in one (0.5%) patient by ply. In this study, no N. meningitidis isolate was in the CSF samples, based on the bacterial culture or PCR results. Streptococcus agalactiae was detected only in one patient, based on PCR. In conclusion, in the present study, the PCR method was more sensitive and rapid than culture for detecting the infectious agents in BM. For this reason, this diagnosis method is recommended for BM.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in CSF specimens of children suspicious of Meningitis in Ahvaz, Iran

Amin

Ghaderpanah

Navidifar

2016

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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“…Increased rates of pneumococcal resistance have been reported in the developing world (WHO, 1999; Rahman et al. 2002; Fuller et al. 2003), following similar trends in developed countries (Byington et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Systematic review: neonatal meningitis in the developing world

Furyk

Swann

Molyneux

2011

Tropical Med Int Health

175

140

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SummaryMeningitis is more common in the neonatal period than any other time in life and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the majority of the burden occurring in the developing world, the majority of the existing literature originates from wealthy countries. Mortality from neonatal meningitis in developing countries is estimated to be 40-58%, against 10% in developed countries. Important differences exist in the spectrum of pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures in developed versus developing countries. Briefly, while studies in developed countries have generally found Group B streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes as important organisms, we describe how in the developing world results have varied; particularly regarding GBS, other Gram negatives (excluding E. coli), Listeria and Gram-positive organisms. The choice of empiric antibiotics should take into consideration local epidemiology if known, early versus late disease, resistance patterns and availability within resource constraints. Gaps in knowledge, the role of adjuvant therapies and future directions for research are explored.

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“…Globally, many of the 180 000 deaths and the neurological complications resulting from ABM occur in children in epidemiological settings with too few or no diagnostic facilities (van de Beek 2012). Even when there is a functional laboratory, bacterial culture is usually unavailable and diagnostic tests for ABM may be limited to the detection of leucocytes by microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with or without point-of-care semi-quantitative estimates of CSF fluid protein and glucose concentrations (Berkley et al 1999;Peltola 2001;Fuller et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of cerebrospinal leucocyte count, protein and culture for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis: a comparative study using Bayesian latent class analysis

Manning

Laman

Mare

et al. 2014

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjective To examine the utility of laboratory methods other than bacterial culture in diagnosing acute bacterial meningitis (ABM).methods Bayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate diagnostic precision of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, leucocyte counts and protein concentrations for ABM in Melanesian children.results With a cut-off of ≥20 leucocytes/mm 3 , the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) was >97.5% for leucocyte counts. A lower (93%) AUC ROC was observed for CSF protein concentrations ≥1 g/l. CSF culture had poor sensitivity and high specificity.

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Antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis in children in developing countries

Cited by 17 publications

References 89 publications

Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in CSF specimens of children suspicious of Meningitis in Ahvaz, Iran

Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in CSF specimens of children suspicious of Meningitis in Ahvaz, Iran

Systematic review: neonatal meningitis in the developing world

Accuracy of cerebrospinal leucocyte count, protein and culture for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis: a comparative study using Bayesian latent class analysis

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