Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients

Amodio, Emanuele; Capra, Giuseppina; Casuccio, Alessandra; Grazia, Simona De; Genovese, D.; Pizzo, Stefano; Calamusa, Giuseppe; Ferraro, Donatella; Giammanco, Anna; Vitale, Francesco; Bonura, Floriana

doi:10.3390/vaccines9070714

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…One dose of vaccine received after COVID-19 is sufficient to produce peak antibody levels extremely quickly. These findings agree with the results of previous studies and go in line with the recommendation of second dose administration 6 months after recovering from COVID-19 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30]. Furthermore, these results can be explained by the limited humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 and the self-maintenance nature of the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Decline of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels 6 Months after Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers to Levels Observed Following the First Vaccine Dose

et al. 2022

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Research on post-vaccination antibody dynamics has become pivotal in estimating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. We studied anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD IgG levels in 587 healthcare workers (2038 sera) who completed BNT162b2 vaccination. Average antibody titer 3 weeks after the first dose in COVID-19-naïve participants (median 873.5 AU/mL) was 18-fold higher than the test threshold, with a significant increase 1 month (median 9927.2 AU/mL) and an exponential decrease 3 (median 2976.7 AU/mL) and 6 (median 966.0 AU/mL) months after complete vaccination. Participants with a history of COVID-19 prior to vaccination showed significantly higher antibody levels, particularly after the first dose (median 14,280.2 AU/mL), with a slight decline 1 month (median 12,700.0 AU/mL) and an exponential decline in antibody titers 3 (median 4831.0 AU/mL) and 6 (median 1465.2 AU/mL) months after vaccination. Antibody levels of COVID-19-naïve subjects after the first dose were moderately correlated with age (r = −0.4). Multivariate analysis showed a strong independent correlation between IgG levels 6 months after vaccination and both IgG titers after the first dose and 1 month after vaccination (R2 = 0.709). Regardless of pre-vaccination COVID-19 history, IgG levels 6 months after vaccination were comparable to antibody levels reached by COVID-19-naïve participants after the first vaccine dose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Post-COVID-19 specific antibodies are directed toward different antigens, such as the nucleoprotein (NP) and spike (S) antigens. Considering that mRNA vaccines are based on the S1 subunit of the recombinant S antigen, post-vaccination assessment of immunity is only feasible with S1-specific serological tests [19,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels 6 Months after Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers to Levels Observed Following the First Vaccine Dose

et al. 2022

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“…Notwithstanding rigorous study in humans, kinetic, duration, and evolution of antibody response to immunization are not predictable based on the early effector phase. Therefore, measuring responses over a period of months is essential to determine the durability of the immune response [2,7]. Several recent reports indicate that after two doses of BNT162b2 antibodies persisted up to 3 months, however, a significant decrease in their serum levels could be observed during this period [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Persistence 6 Months Post-Vaccination with BNT162b2 among Health Care Workers

et al. 2021

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Background: We present immunogenicity data 6 months after the first dose of BNT162b2 in correlation with age, gender, BMI, comorbidities and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: An immunogenicity evaluation was carried out among health care workers (HCW) vaccinated at the Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO). All HCW were asked to be vaccine by the national vaccine campaign at the beginning of 2021. Serum samples were collected on day 1 just prior to the first dose of the vaccine and on day 21 just prior to the second vaccination dose. Thereafter sera samples were collected 28, 49, 84 and 168 days after the first dose of BNT162b2. Quantitative measurement of IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 was performed with a commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: Two hundred seventy-four HWCs were analyzed, 175 women (63.9%) and 99 men (36.1%). The maximum antibody geometric mean concentration (AbGMC) was reached at T2 (299.89 AU/mL; 95% CI: 263.53–339.52) with a significant increase compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). Thereafter, a progressive decrease was observed. At T5, a median decrease of 59.6% in COVID-19 negative, and of 67.8% in COVID-19 positive individuals were identified with respect to the highest antibody response. At T1, age and previous COVID-19 were associated with differences in antibody response, while at T2 and T3 differences in immune response were associated with age, gender and previous COVID-19. At T4 and T5, only COVID-19 positive participants demonstrated a greater antibody response, whereas no other variables seemed to influence antibody levels. Conclusions: Overall our study clearly shows antibody persistence at 6 months, albeit with a certain decline. Thus, the use of this vaccine in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic is supported by our results that in turn open debate about the need for further boosts.

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“…The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were shown to have high immunogenicity. Thereby, 99.8% of all vaccinated subjects showed seropositivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and also, more than 80% had IgG concentrations > 200 AU/mL [ 28 ]. In our survey, very high anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies titers (more than 10,000 times laboratory limit) were more frequent in physicians with post-infection immunity prior to vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicians’ Experience with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Survey Study

Dima

Jurcuţ²,

Balaban

et al. 2021

Healthcare

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Background: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains high in the general population and is the main determinant of low vaccination rates and of the fourth pandemic wave severity in Romania. Additional information is needed to raise awareness over vaccine efficiency and the safety profile. Objective: To assess self-reported experience related to COVID-19 vaccination in Romanian physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based survey, distributed online in the period 24 March to 24 May 2021. The survey included 30 cascade questions with skip logic filters. All physicians included filled in the questionnaire voluntarily and anonymously. Not all respondents filled in all questions. Main outcome and measure: Primary outcomes addressed were related to the COVID-19 vaccine safety profile. Results: 407/467 (87.15%) of the respondents’ physicians were fully vaccinated, mostly with the Pfizer—BioNTech (Comirnaty)—BNT162b2 vaccine, with the peak of immunization in January 2021, with almost four-fifths of the study participants. Regarding COVID-19, almost 20% physicians had the infection and one declared COVID-19 re-infection. A number of 48/420 (11.42%) and 47/419 (11.22%) of the vaccinated physicians did not report any side effects after the first or second vaccine dose. However, most of the side effects reported were minor. Only 50/360 (13.88%) physicians reported the vaccine side effects on the dedicated online national platform. Approximately 40% respondents checked the anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies’ titer after complete vaccination, of which two cases reported indeterminate levels. Lower anti-spike SARS-CoV2 antibodies’ titer of 100–1000 times the laboratory limit was more frequent in naive physicians (36.95% versus 14.28%, p = 0.012), moderate titers were similar, while very high levels, more than 10,000 times laboratory limit, were more frequent in physicians with previous COVID-19 infection (2.17% versus 42.85%, p < 0.001). Conclusions and relevance: In this cross-sectional survey study on the COVID-19 vaccination among Romanian physicians, we describe a safety vaccination profile among Romanian physicians.

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Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Decline of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels 6 Months after Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers to Levels Observed Following the First Vaccine Dose

Decline of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels 6 Months after Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers to Levels Observed Following the First Vaccine Dose

Antibody Persistence 6 Months Post-Vaccination with BNT162b2 among Health Care Workers

Physicians’ Experience with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Survey Study

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