Antibody response against gastrointestinal antigens in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Abstract

Antibody responses against gastrointestinal antigens are common in MS and AQP4-seropositive NMO/NMO-SD, especially in longitudinally extensive myelitis.

Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and Its Effect on Neuropsychiatric Disorders With Suspected Immune Dysregulation

“…Patients with NMO have aquaporin (AQP) autoantibodies (AQP4-seropositive) against the optic nerve and spinal cord, but also more antibodies against GI antigens than healthy controls 100 . Specifically, 37% of these patients had increased levels of antibodies at least against one of the following: gliadin, tissue transglutaminase (tTG), intrinsic factor (IF), parietal cells (PC) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to 8% of healthy controls, with anti-gliadin and ASCA being the most frequent in AQP4-seropositive NMO (P=0.01 and P<0.05, respectively 100 .…”

“…Specifically, 37% of these patients had increased levels of antibodies at least against one of the following: gliadin, tissue transglutaminase (tTG), intrinsic factor (IF), parietal cells (PC) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to 8% of healthy controls, with anti-gliadin and ASCA being the most frequent in AQP4-seropositive NMO (P=0.01 and P<0.05, respectively 100 . In addition, the AQP4-specific T-cells in NMO patients showed cross-reactivity to a protein of Clostridium perfrigens , supporting a microbiota-related molecular mimicry process in NMO pathogenesis 101 .…”

Autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota

“…17,18 Indeed, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the bidirectional gut-brain axis; neural, endocrine and metabolic mechanisms are critical mediators of microbiome-CNS signaling and are involved in neuro-psychiatric disorders. 4 We hypothesize that alterations in the gut microbiota of children with PDD-NOS or AD may lead to an increased level of certain metabolites (e.g., Glu, propionic acid) that are known to play a role in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in children with an ASD.…”

Reply to comment on: Dietary yeasts reduce inflammation in central nervous system via microflora

“…ASCAs are also found in patients with some autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Levels of ASCAs are significantly higher in AQP4‐seropositive patients with neuromyelitis optica than in healthy controls 4. Thus, it seems likely that S. cerevisiae affects the autoimmune diseases of the CNS.…”