Autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota

Angelis, Maria De; Francavilla, Ruggiero; Piccolo, María Cintia; Giacomo, Andrea De; Gobbetti, Marco

doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1035855

Cited by 241 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Otizmli çocukların fekal örneklerinde ise glutamin düzeylerinin yük-sek olduğu; bunun tam tersi olarak da glisin, serin, treonin, alanin, histidin aminoasitlerinin otizmli ço-cuklarda düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. 33 Ayrıca, bazı besin ögelerinin otizmli bireyler üzerinde terapötik etkileri mevcuttur. Glutensiz ve kazeinsiz diyetlerin otizmli bireylerin semptomlarını iyileştirdiğine dair kanıtlar bulunmaktadır.…”

Section: Gastroi̇ntesti̇nal Semptomlar Ve Mi̇krobi̇yota İli̇şki̇si̇unclassified

A Current Approach to Microbiota: Autism and Microbiota

KILINÇ¹,

Söğüt²

2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Otizm; prevalansı gittikçe artan, ülkemizde ve dünya çapında çok sayıda bireyi etkileyen gelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Otizm, genetik ve çevresel etmenlere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Fakat otizm etiyolojisinde rol oynayan asıl mekanizma tam olarak bilinememektedir. İntestinal mikrobiyotası, insan sağlığı için esansiyel olmakla birlikte; gastrointestinal sistem ve santral sinir sistemi arasındaki iletişim yoluyla birçok nöropsikiyatrik hastalıkta rol oynamaktadır. Güncel veriler, intestinal mikrobiyotanın otizm ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. İntestinal mikrobiyota, aynı zamanda çeşitli mekanizmalarla gastrointestinal fizyoloji, immün foksiyon ve hatta davranış-lar üzerinde etkili olabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda Clostridium, Desulfovibrio ve Sutterella üyeleri gibi bazı intestinal bakterilerin otizmli bireylerde davranış değişikliklerine neden olarak, otizm patogenezinde rol oynayabileceği saptanmıştır. Bu bakımdan, otizm semptomlarının oluşum ve gelişiminde intestinal mikrobiyotadaki bozuklukların sebep olup olmadığını anlamak için otizm ile intestinal mikrobiyotadaki bazı spesifik türlerle ve mevcut çeşitli mekanizmalarla olan ilişkisinin incelenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, intestinal mikrobiyotanın otizm semptomları üzerin-deki etkilerinin ve intestinal mikrobiyota ile immün sistem, barsak fonksiyonları ve davranışlar arasındaki mekanizmaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, intestinal mikrobiyotanın otizmde rol oynayabileceğini destekleyen çeşitli çalışmalarla bu mekanizmalar tartışılmıştır. Güncel bilgiler, çeşitli mekanizmalarla beyin ve davranışları etkileyen birçok hastalık için umut kaynağı olabilmekte ve intestinal mikrobiyotadaki değişikliklerle nörogelişimsel hastalıkların semptomlarının iyileşmesine katkıda bulunabilmektedir.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Metagenom; otistik bozukluk A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T The prevalence of autism is a developmental disorder affecting a large number of individuals in our increasingly country and world-wide. Autism is caused by genetic and environmental factors. But the actual mechanism that plays a role in the etiology of autism is not fully known. Intestinal microbiota is essential for human health and plays a role in many neuropsychiatric diseases through communication between gastrointestinal system and central nervous system. Current data suggest that intestinal microbiota is associated with autism. Intestinal microbiota can also influence gastrointestinal physiology, immunological function and even behavior through various mechanisms. It has also been found that some intestinal bacteria such as Clostridium, Desulfovibrio and Sutterella may play a role in the pathogenesis of autism by causing behavioral changes in autistic individuals. In this regard, in order to understand whether the occurrence and development of autism symptoms are caused by intestinal microbiological disorders, it is important to examine the relationship between autism and some specific species in the intestinal microbiota and present...

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Section: Gastroi̇ntesti̇nal Semptomlar Ve Mi̇krobi̇yota İli̇şki̇si̇unclassified

A Current Approach to Microbiota: Autism and Microbiota

KILINÇ¹,

Söğüt²

2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci

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“…Thus, food influences the composition of the microbiome, which affects the production of SCFAs and thereby the intestinal membrane integrity. SCFA-producing bacteria, e.g., Clostridia, Desulfovibrio, and Bacteroides, are increased in feces of children with ASD [39][40][41][42][43][44]. Clostridium species and Lactobacillus species were increased in the stool of affected children and these bacterial species are known to influence serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamines metabolism with increased 5-HT levels in whole blood and platelets, and together altered function and metabolism of neurotransmitters, and dysfunction of the serotonergic system have been reported to contribute to symptomatology of ASD [5,8,15,19,25,26,35].…”

Section: Microbiota Dysbiosis In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the genus level, significant reductions were found between children with ASD compared with non affected controls in the relative abundance of Prevotella, Coprococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Staphylococcu , Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium species in [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Conversely, especially Clostridia spp.…”

Section: Microbiota Dysbiosis In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the GFCF diet, processed carbohydrates containing gluten are replaced with gluten-free processed carbohydrates generally obtained from rice, sugar, potato starch, tapioca flour, soy, buckwheat flour, etc. These carbohydrates will, however, also be used by the abnormal gut microbiota in ASD patients thereby perpetuating the vicious circle of a damaged leaky gut and peptides occurring in the blood and brain [40]. The relevance of the GFCF diet has likely been overestimated and presented by industry as a general solution for ASD, while this diet is only partially effective as shown in few small sample-sized randomized controlled clinical trials [52].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbiota profiles from healthy siblings of ASD patients are generally found to be an intermediate between the ASD cases and unaffected controls [45]. Associations were found between long-term diets and the presence of different enterotypes.For example, the presence of Bacteroides spp, a bacterial species is linked to a diet high in fat and animal protein [35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Thus, food influences the composition of the microbiome, which affects the production of SCFAs and thereby the intestinal membrane integrity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2015

HCIIN

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There is a rising interest in the use of dietary interventions to ameliorate prevalent brain diseases, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Nowadays, the existence of communication between gut and brain is well accepted and thus diet can influence brain functioning. A well-known nutrition based intervention for ASD is the gluten-free and casein-free diet. However, only some of the patients experience a relief in symptoms and thus efficacy seems to be limited to certain phenotypes. However, not much is known about the mechanism of action through which this diet might work, or about interpersonal differences that could lead to variation in response to the diet. Current evidence for efficacy of the GFCF diet is poor. Large scale, good quality randomized controlled trials are needed. Genetic and environmentally induced interpersonal differences were found in intestinal membrane permeability and blood brain barrier integrity as well as in activity of peptidase enzymes. These differences probably affect responsiveness to the diet. In addition, age and duration of the dietary intervention play a role in the efficacy of the gluten-free and casein-free diet. This is the reason why all these factors need to be taken into account to give appropriate advice about whether or not to follow this diet.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Casein-free; Casomorphin; Diet; Gluten-free; Intervention; Opioid; Peptides; Permeability Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with Gluten-free and Casein-free Diet: The underlying Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis MechanismsCitation: Cieślińska A, Kostyra E, Savelkoul HFJ (2017) Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder with • (GFCF) diet is strongly promoted while there are additional diets without salicylates and phenols, and anti-candida diets since many ASD patients are affected by this yeast [17]. However, so far it has been difficult to prove the effectiveness of this diet in all patients [10,18]. Limited information is available on the underlying mechanism as well as explanatory factors of differences in response to the GFCF diet. Here, we focus on the mechanism of action underlying this dietary intervention as well as the origin of differences in response to the GFCF diet. Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet Might Alleviate Autism Spectrum Disorder SymptomsPeople with ASD are often in need of intensive care and guidance, leading to loss of parental productivity and high emotional and economic costs [8,19]. Therefore it is important to investigate potential treatments that alleviate the symptoms or preferably cure the disease. So far, sometimes life long, educational and behavioral interventions are used, although these therapies have limited efficacy for ASD [6,20]. Currently, there is growing interest in nutritional interventions for this disorder and there are promising mechanisms underlying the putative success of such interventions [19].In 1983 it was suggested that gluten and casein containing products could cause autism-like symptoms by altering the functioning of the brain. It was propo...

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