Anticancer Activity of 3-Hydroxystigmastan- 5(6)-en (β-Sitosterol) Compound from Salacca Edulis Reinw Variety Bongkok in MCF-7 and T47D Cell Line

Abstract

Discovery of two compounds in ethylacetate extract of snake fruits (Salacca edulis Reinw) variety Bongkok were pyrolle-2,4-dicarboxylic acid-methyl ester and 3-hydroxystigmastan-5(6)-en (β-sitosterol) compounds. In a previous study, two new compounds were observed an antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Pyrolle-2,4-dicarboxylic acid-methyl ester posses cytotoxic activity against MCF7 and T47D cell line. 3-hydroxystigmastan-5(6)-en (βsitosterol) from snake fruit ethyl acetate extract-potential as anticancer still remains unknown and will be observed in his study. The cytotoxic assay was performed using 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) method in MCF and T47D cell lines to determine the IC 50 of the β-sitosterol from snake fruit extract. Cytotoxic assay revealed that the (βsitosterol) compound of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) inhibits the proliferation and viability of MCF7-breast cancer line-(IC 50 = 45.414 µg/mL) and T47D-breast cancer stem cell line-(IC 50 = 1.1942 µg/mL). The result obtained from the current study demonstrated that the β-sitosterol from snake fruit (Salacca edulis Renw.) extract exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF7 (breast cancer cell line) and T47D (breast cancer stem cell line).

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Methanol Extract Fractions of Various Indonesian Ethnopharmacological Plants

“…We reported that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. edulis contained a number of phytochemical constituents such as glycosides, flavonoids, and tannins (Table 1). Afrianti et al discovered that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. edulis contained a number of phytochemical compounds such as 3-hydroxystigmastan-5(6)-en and pyrolle-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, methyl ester [24], whereas another phytochemical screening study also reported that S. edulis contained flavonoids and tannins [24,25]. The positive results for glycosides detected in this current research are expected to be associated with the high sugar content in S. edulis.…”

Correlation of FT-IR Fingerprint and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Salak (Salacca zalacca) Fruit Extracts Utilizing Orthogonal Partial Least Square

“…Salak fruit is traditionally used by Malaysians to treat diabetes. Several studies reported that the salak fruit possesses anticancer, antihyperuricemic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and proliferative activities [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Gorinstein and associates performed in vitro and in vivo studies where they compared the antioxidant properties of rare exotic Thai fruits with conventional fruits, and found that there was a significant reduction of plasma lipid profile, as well as maintained plasma antioxidant activity [ 6 ].…”

Insights of phytoconstituents and pharmacology activities of Salacca plants

“…Salacca is a species of the palm tree (Arecaceae) native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. It contains dietary fiber and carbohydrates that are good for the body (Chareoansiri et al, 2009). The taxonomy of salacca plants is (Cronquist, 1981) (Naharudin, 2019 ).…”

“…The proximate analysis of 100 g of zalacca resulted in sucrose (7.6%), fructose (5.9%), fructose (3.9%), total sugar (17.4%), soluble dietary fiber (0.3%), insoluble dietary fiber (1.4%), water (80%), calories (77 kcal), protein (0.7%), ash (0.6%), and fat (0.1%). The contents of vitamins and minerals in 1 kg of the salacca fruit are ascorbic acid (400 mg), carotene (5 mg), thiamine (20 mg), niacin (240 mg), riboflavin (0.8 mg) and folate (6 mg), phosphorus (1.161 mg), potassium (11.339 mg), calcium (220 mg), magnesium (607 mg), sodium (231 mg), iron (12.0 mg), manganese (10.4 mg), copper (3.36 mg), zinc (10.4 mg), boron (5.07 mg), and sulfur (5.07 mg) (Chew et al, 2012;Gorinstein et al, 2009;Janick and Paull, 2008).…”

“…Moreover, 2-methylester-1h-pyrolle-4-carboxylic acid compound has reported its presence in the ethylacetate extract of salacca var. bongkok as well as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and quinones (Afrianti et al, 2015). Epicatechin, proanthocyanidine, and chlorogenic acid were detected in the fruit extract by high-performance liquid chromatography (Shui, 2005).…”