Anticancer and Apoptotic Effects of Ectoine and Hydroxyectoine on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cells: An in-vitro Investigation

Abstract

Introduction: Streptomyces manage the osmotic stress by collecting compatible solutes or osmolytes. Ectoine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine carboxylic acid, and 5-hydroxyectoine are among the most common osmolytes of this bacteria and have an active role in protecting the genetic material of this microorganism as well as providing resistance to environmental pressures. In this research, the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of ectoine and 5hydroxyectoine on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line (QU-DB) are investigated. Methods: QU-DB cells were treated by five doses of ectoine and hydroxyectoine for 12, 24 and 48 hours, and the cytotoxic properties were evaluated by MTT assay. Then, the DAPI fluorescent staining was carried out for monitoring of the cells' nuclear morphology. Recognition and quantification of the apoptosis were done; using the Annexin-V-Fluos technique. Results: It has been verified that both ectoine and hydroxyectoine persuaded apoptosis on QU-DB cells in a dose-dependently manner. Also, no cytotoxicity effects of these compatible solutes were observed on normal cells (HFLF-PI5). Conclusions: Ectoine and hydroxyectoine are two natural metabolites which induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells. They don't have any toxic effect on normal cells and can be used as auxiliary drugs or even as a medicine for the treatment of lung cancer after further optimization of the formulations.

Bioactivity Screening and Gene-Trait Matching across Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria

“…On the other hand, seven out of nine BGCs of Aa3_DN213_3F7 gave hits to the MIBiG repository ( Table S4 ). Similarly, four BGCs were related to clusters involved in the production of substances with reported anticancer activity: carotenoids (MIBiG:BGC0000636) (85% similarity) [ 54 , 55 ], ectoines (MIBiG:BGC0000853) (75% similarity) [ 56 ] and the siderophore desferrioxamine E (MIBiG:BGC0001478) (50% similarity) [ 57 ] ( Table S4 ).…”

“…β-carotene is a successful carotenoid in the global market with many industrial applications, including prevention of cancer [ 55 ]. In the case of ectoines, Sheikhpour et al [ 56 ] showed that ectoine and hydroxyectoine isolated from Streptomyces induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Another compound involved in the cytotoxicity of Aa3_DN213_3F7 could be related to desferrioxamine E, a synonym for nocardamine.…”

Complete Genome Analysis of Undecylprodigiosin Pigment Biosynthesizing Marine Streptomyces Species Displaying Potential Bioactive Applications

“…This cluster comprises regulatory genes, core, and additional genes involved in the biosynthesis of prodigiosin derivatives, similar to that of red gene cluster of S. coelicolor A3(2). Cluster 19 displayed 100% similarity with ectoine biosynthesizing genes, indicating that BSE6.1 is capable of producing ectoine-an anticancer molecule [89] that regulates osmotic stress [90] and acts as a stress protectant against various environmental stresses [91]. Clusters 7 and 17 displayed siderophore genes that were involved in the production of enduracidin and desferrioxamine B, respectively.…”

Whole genome sequence of Streptomyces colonosanans strain MUSC 93JT isolated from mangrove forest in Malaysia

“…Ectoine is commonly expressed by bacteria to survive in harsh environments, protecting these microorganisms against extreme osmotic stress [34][35][36][37][38] . As a compatible solute, ectoine has been shown to be safe as it does not interfere with the host's metabolism while offering some beneficial effects including antioxidant and protection against ionizing radiation [39][40][41][42] . Apart from that, a recent study by Sheikhpour et al (2019) showed that ectoine induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells without affecting normal cells.…”