Anticancer Effect of Gallic Acid on Acidity-Induced Invasion of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

The acidic tumor environment has emerged as a crucial factor influencing the metastatic potential of cancer. We investigated the effect of an acidic environment on the acquisition of metastatic properties in MCF7 breast cancer cells and explored the inhibitory effects of gallic acid. Prolonged exposure to acidic culture conditions (over 12 weeks at pH 6.4) induced the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties in MCF7 cells, accompanied by increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9, respectively), together with alterations in E-cadherin, vimentin, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. Gallic acid effectively inhibited the survival of acidity-adapted MCF7 (MCF7-6.4/12w) cells at high concentrations (>30 μM) and reduced metastatic characteristics induced by acidic conditions at low concentration ranges (5–20 μM). Moreover, gallic acid suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which were elevated in MCF7-6.4/12w cells. These findings highlight the potential of gallic acid as a promising therapeutic agent for metastatic traits in breast cancer cells under acidic conditions.

Novel Insights in the Hypertension Treatment & Type 2 Diabetics Induced by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: MD Simulation Studies & Molecular Docking of Some Promising Natural Therapies

“…Gallic acid exerts its inhibitory influence on cancer cell proliferation through the regulation of genes responsible for cell cycle, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Based on many existing data from in vivo and in vitro investigations, this dietary polyphenol (gallic acid) exhibits potential as a chemopreventive agent for cancer. − The TD 50 value listed for each compound is a measure of its carcinogenic potency in rats. The lower the TD 50 value, the more potent the compound is as a carcinogen.…”

“…Based on many existing data from in vivo and in vitro investigations, this dietary polyphenol (gallic acid) exhibits potential as a chemopreventive agent for cancer. 37 − 39 The TD 50 value listed for each compound is a measure of its carcinogenic potency in rats. The lower the TD 50 value, the more potent the compound is as a carcinogen.…”

Effect of Petiveria alliacea Extracts on Metabolism of K562 Myeloid Leukemia Cells

“…In summary, the aqueous extract of P. alliacea induces multiple metabolic alterations in K562 cells, primarily leading to a decrease in metabolites related to the cell cycle, such In addition to the primary compounds, the secondary compounds previously characterized in the extract [21] also exhibit various anti-tumor activities: ferulic acid induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α and Akt/mTOR signaling in leukemic cells [42]; cinnamic acid induces apoptotic cell death and alteration of the cytoskeleton in human melanoma cells [43]; and quinic acid, an antioxidant, exhibits anti-tumor activity through the induction of apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis in breast cancer cells [44]. Finally, a widely studied compound is gallic acid, a phenolic compound that modulates genes involved in the cell cycle, metastasis, and angiogenesis, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell growth; it also inhibits key signaling pathways for proliferation such as NF-KB and Akt [45][46][47].…”

Gallic acid: design of a pyrogallol-containing hydrogel and its biomedical applications

“…GA is believed to effectively inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration. 198,199 Furthermore, polymers grafted with GA also exhibit antitumour activity. 200,201 One drawback of GA is its low bioavailability.…”