Anticancer effect of joboksansam, Korean wild ginseng germinated from bird feces

Park, Jae Gwang; Kang, Wen; Park, Kyung Tae; Aravinthan, Adithan; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Cho, Jae Youl

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.002

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Various wild, cultivated, and processed forms of ginseng have been reported to have anticancer activity in vivo against hepatocellular carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1), and SW480 human colon cancer cells [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] . In addition, we have demonstrated that wild ginseng-derived root powder displayed clear antileukemia activity [7] . Therefore, the present and previous data strongly suggest that ginseng could be a useful herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of various types of cancers including leukemia, colon cancer, and hepatoma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Of these, the anticancer activity of KRG is one of the best-studied areas of ginseng research. To date, anticancer and antitumor activities of KRG water extract (KRG-WE), fine black ginseng, ginseng berry extract, wild ginseng, and their individual saponins have been observed in colon, prostate, liver, pancreas, brain, and stomach cancer cells [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] . Apoptotic activities of ginseng-derived extracts, G-Rg5, G-Rh1, G-Rh2, and G-Rg3, associated with increased levels of caspase 9 and 3 activities have been demonstrated [3] , [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells

Park

Son

Aravinthan

et al. 2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundAlthough numerous studies of the anticancer activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) have been performed, the therapeutic effect of KRG on leukemia has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the antileukemia activities of KRG and its cellular and molecular mechanisms.MethodsAn established leukemia tumor model induced by xenografted T cell lymphoma (RMA cells) was used to test the therapeutic activity of KRG water extract (KRG-WE). Direct cytotoxic activity of KRG-WE was confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The immunomodulatory activities of KRG-WE were verified by immunohistochemistry, nitric oxide production assay. The inhibitory effect of KRG-WE on cell survival signaling was also examined.ResultsOrally administered KRG-WE reduced the sizes of tumor masses. Levels of apoptosis regulatory enzymes and cleaved forms of caspases-3 and -8 were increased by this extract. In addition, expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, a metastasis regulatory enzyme, was decreased by KRG-WE treatment. The proportion of CD11c+ cells was remarkably increased in the KRG-treated group compared to the control group. However, KRG-WE did not show significant direct cytotoxicity against RMA cells.ConclusionOur results strongly suggest that the KRG might have antileukemia activity through CD11c+ cell-mediated antitumor immunity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells

Park

Son

Aravinthan

et al. 2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…RAW264.7 cells were treated with Pg-C-EE. HEK293 cells were independently transfected with each gene ( AKT1-HA , AKT2-HA , or HA ) for 24 h and treated with Pg-C-EE for 24 h. Total lysates and nuclear extracts were prepared as described previously [42] . Immunoblotting of phosphorylated or total levels of transcription factor (p65 and p50), IκBα, IKKα/β, AKT, and p85/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) was performed as described previously [42] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract

Han

Kim

et al. 2018

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundKorean ginseng (Panax ginseng) plays an anti-inflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as gastritis, hepatitis, and colitis. However, inflammation-regulatory activity of the calyx of the P. ginseng berry has not been thoroughly evaluated. To understand whether the calyx portion of the P. ginseng berry is able to ameliorate inflammatory processes, an ethanolic extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) was prepared, and lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and HEK293 cells transfected with inflammation-regulatory proteins were used to test the anti-inflammatory action of Pg-C-EE.MethodsThe ginsenoside contents of Pg-C-EE were analyzed by HPLC. Suppressive activity of Pg-C-EE on NO production, inflammatory gene expression, transcriptional activation, and inflammation signaling events were examined using the Griess assay, reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction, luciferase activity reporter gene assay, and immunoblotting analysis.ResultsPg-C-EE reduced NO production and diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-α in a dose-dependent manner. This extract suppressed luciferase activity induced only by nuclear factor-κB. Interestingly, immunoblotting analysis results demonstrated that Pg-C-EE reduced the activities of protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2.ConclusionThese results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have nuclear-factor-κB-targeted anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of AKT. The calyx of the P. ginseng berry is an underused part of the ginseng plant, and development of calyx-derived extracts may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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“… 1988 ; Park, Kang, et al. 2016 ). Briefly, 10 µL of MTT solution (10 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4) was added to the cell culture media, and cells were incubated for 4 h and 15% sodium dodecyl sulphate was added to each well to solubilize the formazan.…”

Section: Preparation Of Peritoneal Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect of torilidis fructus ethanol extract through inhibition of Src

Park

Kim

Son

et al. 2017

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Torilidis fructus, fruits of Torilis japonica Decadolle (Umbelliferae), is a medicinal herb traditionally used as a pesticide, an astrictive, or a medicine for various inflammatory diseases. Objectives: Due to the lack of pharmacological studies on this herbal medicine, we explored the inhibitory activity of torilidis fructus on the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response using its ethanol extract (Tf-EE). Material and methods: The Griess assay and prostaglandin (PGE2) ELISA assay were conducted with Tf-EE (0-75 µg/mL) and LPS (1 µg/mL) treated RAW264.7 cells in cultured media. Tf-EE pretreated RAW264.7 cells were incubated with LPS for 6 h and semi-quantitative PCR was performed. Reporter gene assays, overexpression of target enzymes and immunoblotting were performed on macrophages to determine the molecular targets of Tf-EE. Results: Tf-EE markedly suppressed the inflammatory response of macrophages, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production with IC50 values of 35.66 and 62.47 µg/mL, respectively. It was also found that Tf-EE reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by 80%. Nuclear translocation and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and p50) were declined by 60% and 30% respectively, and their regulatory events including the phosphorylation of AKT, IκBα, Src, and the formation of complexes between Src and p-p85 were also recognized to be diminished. Conclusions: The signalling events managed by Src and p85 complex seemed to be critically involved in Tf-EE-mediated anti-inflammatory response. This might suggest that Tf-EE exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through Src-targeted inhibition of NF-κB.

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Anticancer effect of joboksansam, Korean wild ginseng germinated from bird feces

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells

Korean Red Ginseng water extract arrests growth of xenografted lymphoma cells

AKT-targeted anti-inflammatory activity of Panax ginseng calyx ethanolic extract

Anti-inflammatory effect of torilidis fructus ethanol extract through inhibition of Src

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